In this study, we investigated the influence of soil cultivation method on the productivity and quality of pasture grass fodder. We found that increasing the depth of cultivation from 8–10 cm to 20–22 cm (using surface tillage with disk implements) improved the productivity of all the grass species studied – <em>Phleum pratense</em>, <em>Lolium perenne</em>, <em>Festuca </em><em>orientalis</em>, <em>Dactylis glomerata</em>, <em>Bromus </em><em>inermis</em>, <em>Phalaris arundinacea</em>, <em>Festuca</em><em> </em><em>rubra </em>– by an average of 2%–3% at an LSD₀₅ of 0.30 t ha⁻¹, over a period of 3 years. On average, the most important factor influencing the production of 1 ha of dry mass appeared to be the species of grass, accounting for 57% of the variation. The depth of soil tillage was also important, accounting for 43% of the variation. Of all the species studied, the highest productivity was exhibited by <em>Lolium perenne </em>(0.35 t ha⁻¹ of dry weight). Increasing the soil cultivation depth led to an increase in the content of crude protein and albumen (0.9%–1.1%). According to the analysis of organic matter content and digestibility of the fodder, across the different depths of soil cultivation, the early ripening species <em>Dactylis glomerata</em>, and the average ripening species <em>Festuca </em><em>orientalis</em>, <em>Lolium perenne</em>, and <em>Bromus </em><em>inermis</em>, performed best. Considering the different depths of soil cultivation, <em>Lolium perenne </em>[154 g; surface tillage (disking) 8–10 cm] and <em>Festuca</em><em> </em><em>orientalis </em>(152 g; ploughing 20–22 cm) provided the most fodder units with digestible protein.

The purpose. To determine influence of methods of recreation, fertilizing and utilization of meadow lands upon botanical compound, productivity and efficiency of growing grass stands on grey forest soils. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical-and-statistical. Results. It is fixed that the most efficient method of recreation of meadow lands is sowing of legume-grass mixtures with lucerne. That ensured the highest efficiency. Importation of N140 for legume-cereal grass stands decreased content of leguminous ingredients and was ineffective. For cereal grass stand and old lands such importation increased productivity in 1,8-2,0 times. Conclusions. Among varied grass stands in the alternative without fertilization the most productive one is lucerne-cereal grass stand, which at 2-hay cutting ensures the yield for 1 hectare of 8,10 tons of dry matter and 5,13 t/hectare of useful units. At 4-hay cutting it ensures 7,41 and 6, 35 t/hectare accordingly, that in 2,1-2,3 times more in comparison with seeded cereal grass stand. The level of accumulation of symbiotic nitrogen by lucerne made 142-154 kg/hectare.

V. Kurgak, doctor of agricultural sciences A. Tkachenko NSC "Institute of Agriculture of NAASU" BIOENERGY POTENTIAL OF PERENNIAL GRASSES' PHYTOCENOSISThe purpose. To determine bioenergy potential of perennial grasses' phytocenosis of Ukraine and to make suggestions on its implementation. Methods. System analysis, field, laboratory, economic-mathematical. Results. Bioenergy potential is shown of perennial grasses' phytocenosis of Ukraine and power productivity of rare perennial crops and varied meadow grass stands depending on technological receptions of growing. Conclusions. Perennial agrophitocenosises (natural forage lands, vegetation of overflow lands, marshes, and power crops) are the important reserve for production of biological fuel from biomass. The most efficient perennial power crops (Miscanthus× giganteus J.M. Greef, Deuter ex Hodk., Silphium perfoliatum, Polygonum weyrichii and Polygonum sachalinensis, Sida hermaphrodita Rusby, Heliánthus tuberósus) ensure deriving of 14 -18 tons of dry solid matter from 1 hectare and 250 -300 gigajoules of heat energy, improved natural forage lands -4 -6 tons and 75 -110 gigajoules accordingly.Key words: perennial grasses' phytocenosis, bioenergetics, biomass, energy potential, natural forage lands, productivity.To reduce Ukraine's energy dependence great value has the development and use of biofuel renewable energy, in particular biomass. Due to the cost rising of energy resources, huge amounts of renewable energy, including biomass, successfully used worldwide. In current situation, approximately 80% of world energy supplies rely on nonrenewable fossil fuels.At the current rate of consumption, all types of traditional fuel expected to last for around 60 years [11]. Today the volume of biomass production as fuel is the fourth largest in the world. Its share in total primary energy production is 10%. In the European Union the share of biomass in total energy consumption is 7% [9]. In leaders among EU countries (Latvia, Finland, Sweden, of Denmark, Austria) share of biomass in gross energy consumption is between 16 and 28%, while in Ukraine -not more than 1%. Among all types of biomass, share of solid biomass is the largest and makes 80% and vary by country from 0 to 94%. The largest is in Finland.

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Goal. To determine peculiarities of formation of phytocenoses, productivity, chemical composition, nutritive value, and energy content of grass forages depending on the options for surface improvement of slope meadows of the mountain forest belt of the Carpathians at different modes of use. Methods. General scientific methods (hypotheses, induction and deduction, analogy, generalization)-to select the work program, and special (field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical, calculation)-to conduct researches and their generalization. Results. Surface improvement of cereals and grasses (with 28% share of low-value in feed terms Nardus stricta) low-productive (1.39 t/ha of dry weight) slope grasslands of mountain forest belt of the Carpathians improves their species composition and chemical composition of feed increases the productivity of the land. Share of sowed cereals or legumes increases to 34-46%. Under the hay regime the highest efficiency as to the output from 1 ha of dry mass was fixed for reseeding mixtures of grasses on the background of N60P30K60 (4.33 t), for the multi-mow regime-reseeding of white clover on the background of P30K60 (3,71 t), that was, respectively, by 14 and 106% more than in the variants without reseeding, and by 146 and 167% more than in the variants without improvement. Among measures of surface improvement influencing forage quality by chemical composition, increasing the content of crude protein, was the introduction of N60P30K60 or 15 t/ha of manure at multi-mow use, and reseeding of white clover-on the background P30K60. Regardless of the measures of surface improvement the highest content of crude protein, the best energy content, and nutritional value of grass fodder were fixed for multi-mow (simulated pasture) mode of use than for hay-mowing. Conclusions. Surface improvement of meadows of the mountain forest belt of the Carpathians with natural grass by operating factors of the improvement of species composition and quality of grass fodder, as well as an increase of their productivity, is the annual entering of N60P30K60 or 15 t/ha of manure, or N60P30K60 + reseeding of grass mixture (Lolium pratense and Phleum pratense) for hay use, or P30K60 + reseeding of white clover for multi-mow use. The best positive effect ensures the application of mineral fertilizers in combination with the reseeding of perennial grasses.