Until 1990, the survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in Russia was below 10%. To establish a protocol feasible under conditions there, ALL-MB 91 was designed to avoid prolonged bone marrow aplasia, thereby reducing needs for extensive supportive care, blood transfusions, long-lasting hospitalization and costs. High-dose therapies were avoided, anthracycline use was limited and CNS radiation therapy only foreseen in high-risk patients (about 30%). This was randomized against a modified BFM protocol. From 1995 to 2002, 834 patients of age up to 18 years were registered in 10 centres and 713 received after central randomization the allocated risk-stratified treatment. After a median follow-up of 7 years, the event-free survival (EFS) was 67 ± 3% on ALL-MB 91 (N ¼ 358) vs 68 ± 3% on ALL-BFM 90m (N ¼ 355). The overall survival (OS) was 71±3% vs 74±2%, respectively. Anaemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis 410 days and hospitalization (median 35 vs 68 days) were lower on ALL-MB 91 (Po0.01, N ¼ 197). While EFS and OS were similar with both protocols, ALL-MB 91 significantly incurred fewer toxicity and resource requirements and, therefore, has been increasingly used across Russia.

Проращивание зерна считается одним из способов улучшающим пищевую ценность и функциональные свойства зерна. Данный процесс вызывает активацию гидролитических ферментов, которые делают питательные вещества доступными для роста растения, а также для организма человека. В статье приведены исследования по содержанию пищевых веществ в пророщенном зерне мягкой пшеницы, выращенной в Беларуси. На этой основе представлен нутриентный профиль пророщенного зерна мягкой пшеницы, в котором дано содержание 42 пищевых веществ. В качестве объекта исследования использовано пророщенное зерно мягкой пшеницы влажностью (44,4±1,0)% и с размером ростков (2,0±0,5) мм. Наиболее значимыми с точки зрения обеспечения человека макронутриентами, поступающими с пророщенным зерном пшеницы, являются углеводы (37,77±0,6)% и белки (6,67±0,02)%. В пророщенном зерне пшеницы содержатся все незаменимые аминокислоты. Среди заменимых аминокислот высокое содержание глютаминовой кислоты (2456,4 мг/100 г) и пролина (958,4 мг/100 г). Сахара в пророщенном зерне пшеницы представлены D-глюкозой, D-фруктозой, сахарозой, мальтозой и лактозой. В 100 г пророщенного зерна пшеницы содержится 105 % от суточной потребности в марганце, 18,1 % в меди, 17,1 % в магнии  и около 40 % от суточного потребления витамина В1 (тиамина). Кроме этого, пророщенное зерно мягкой пшеницы содержит клетчатку, в среднем 18,5% от суточной потребности в 100 г.

The article reflects the results of a study of the relationship of emotional burnout syndrome (EBS) with the social status of patients and its impact on the somatic health and oral health of 146 patients aged 25 to 57 years. The survey showed that patients exposed to EBS by social status are more often unmarried, are urban residents, more often suffer from pathology of the cardiovascular system compared with emotionally stable patients. Respondents with a high level of EBS often complain about dryness and discomfort in the oral cavity in the form of tightness and roughness of the oral mucosa. As the level of EBS increases, oral hygiene worsens, general kinetic mobility and adsorption activity of epithelial cells of the oral mucosa suffer. However, the intensity of caries, as well as the frequency of detection of inflammatory periodontal diseases, do not change significantly depending on the degree of EBS.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the treatment results among 106 patients of molecular subgroup 3 and to determine the factors affecting the prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS In all the patients, initial removal of the tumor was performed. All the patients got chemoradiotherapy according to the HIT protocol. There were 34girls and 72boys. Most patients were over 3 years:74 compared to 32 younger than 3. The majority of the patients had stage M+: 65; in 38 stage M0 was determined; in 3patients, stage was not specified, Mx.MYC amplification was found in 20 patients; MYCN amplification, in 4 patients. Classic medulloblastoma was predominant: 65, and 41 patients had anaplastic/large cell medulloblastoma. RESULTS The five-year progression-free survival was 0.51±0.05, the five-year overall survival was 0.52±0.04.The median survival was 82months,and the median progression-free survival was 37 months. There were no significant variations of PFS depending on the sex and age. The treatment results depended on the histological subtype: for classic medulloblastoma, the five-year PFS was 0.57; for the anaplastic/largecell,0.38(р = 0.02030). The presence of metastases significantly affected the survival: PFS for stage M0 was 0.77; for stage М+,0.35(р = 0.00062). Patients with MYC amplification had a significantly worse survival compared to MYCN patients and those without MYC amplification: 0.1, 0.75, and 0.58, respectively (р = 0.00002). Three patients with MYC amplification are alive: two patients had MGMT methylation detected. CONCLUSIONS The results of treatment among the patients with molecular subgroup 3 depended on the tumor subtype, presence of metastases, MYC amplification and MGMT methylation. In the absence of unfavorable factors, the survival was the same as in molecular subgroup 4.

We analyzed 105 patients under 18 years. The median age was 21 months. There were 54 boys and 51 girls. The supratentorial tumors were in 53 patients, infratentorial in 48, and in spinal cord in 4. 60 had stage M0,29-М+and 16-Mx. All the patients got surgical treatment:total tumor removal in 34,subtotal in 37,partial in 30,and biopsy in 4;75 patients got chemoradiotherapy to ATRT-2006;6-CWS;13-EU-RHAB;5-HIT-SKK;individual schemes in 6. RESULTS: 47 are alive,1 was LFU, and 57 died. PFS was 32%±0.05; the five-year OS 40%±0.05. The median survival-30 months, the median progression-free survival-12 months, and the median of follow-up-23 months. PFS was significantly better in patients more than 12 months compared to patients younger than 12 months:40 and 12%;p=0.00161.After total resection PFS was higher compared to subtotal resection, partial resection, and tumor biopsy:48,38,0,and 0%(p=0.025). After chemoradiotherapy, PFS was higher compared to patients without radiotherapy: 49and 0%(р=0.0000000).PFS for stage M0 was higher compared to stage M+and stage Mx:41,15,and 27%,respectively(р=0.00032).PFS was better for the tumors in the spinal cord and infratentorial location compared to the supratentorial location:67,37,and 25%(p=0.0876).The survival rate was higher among the patients who got treatment according to the ATRT-2006 protocol compared to EU-RHAB, individual regimens, CWS, and HIT-SKK:39,19,17,17,and 0% respectively;p=0.00159.The survival was higher among the patients who got intraventricular/intrathecal Methotrexate,Cytarabine, Prednisolone than among the patients who got only Methotrexate or none at all:40,0,and 5%, respectively; p=0.00015. CONCLUSIONS: Survival was significantly better in patients more than 12month, without metastases, with total removal tumor, chemotheradiotherapy by ATRT-2006 protocol with i/t, i/v Methotrexate/Cytarabine/Prednisolone.