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The article analyzes the current situation of railway transport and reveals the key problems that hinder its sustainable growth. It is established that today customer orientation is a key factor in the success of transport companies in the competitive struggle and a determining principle for attracting new and retaining existing customers. Fragmentary examples of implementing a customer-oriented approach in railway transport are considered. It is determined that customer orientation in the transport industry should be considered as the company's ability to contribute to increasing the flow of customers and, accordingly, additional profit due to a deep understanding and satisfaction of their needs. The understanding of customer orientation in the context of freight and passenger transportation of railway transport is detailed. At the same time, in the field of cargo transportation, customer orientation means successful interaction with potential customers – manufacturers of products, whose effective operation largely depends on the timely delivery of raw materials and components, as well as on the transportation of final products. It is indicated that the railway company should strive to organize comprehensive logistics services and ensure ease of interaction between shippers and the company in terms of submitting applications and placing orders, the ability to obtain information about the location of goods online, delivery of goods on time, door-to-door, etc. It is established that customer orientation in the field of Passenger Transportation provides for the establishment of differentiated ticket prices, the provision of personalized discounts to both regular and new customers, in particular in the segment of long-distance transportation, the formation of a personalized package of services for customers. It is also important to increase the comfort and speed of movement, offer passengers other related services, and so on. The key conditions that should be met when implementing a customer-oriented approach are revealed. Key tasks for effective implementation of the customer orientation policy in railway transport are identified.

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The author notes that in a global pandemic, global mobility restrictions have led to a deep crisis in international and domestic tourism. Other sectors of the economy related to tourism, such as transport, hotels, restaurants, services, etc., were also affected. Given that the tourism industry is an important component for the formation of the state budget of many countries, and for some countries - the main budget-generating industry, it is clear how important it is to find mechanisms to minimize losses caused by quarantine restrictions on mobility. Governments are trying to find ways to compensate for the loss of revenue caused by the slowdown in tourism growth, which is needed to finance public services, including in the social sphere, environmental protection, agriculture and the financial sector, and to take measures to meet debt maturities, both in the public and in the private segment. Forecasting and identifying trends for the further development of the tourism business and related sectors of the economy in a pandemic is one of the important tasks of analysts, economists, and logisticians from around the world. The measures currently proposed are aimed at reducing the rate of the global pandemic - mass vaccination of the population, regional and local lockdowns, self-isolation of tourists and various migrants, all this does not work in favor of improving the rate of tourist travel. Thus, it can be stated that the global pandemic has affected the entire tourism business - the work of operators, airlines, hotel chains, digital booking platforms, advertising in the media, so we can confidently predict a global contraction of the tourism industry for at least the next five years.

At the present stage of reforming the railway transport of Ukraine there are a few organizational and legal options proposed. Among them there are three essentially different approaches of forming the industry’s organizational structure that can be singled out: the traditional hierarchy; a many-level holding; and a highly centralized company (a company –single legal entity). The change of form of ownership is assumed to be realized by establishment of a joint-stock company with subsequent privatization. The form of government control will not include an economic management and will be directed, foremost, to the management and exploitation of infrastructures. The prospect of the stock sale at the market is thus inevitable. A question then arises: how to reserve the real management of enterprise and attract investments for development of the industry. One of the options of reforming the activities of railway transport of Ukraine has been thus proposed within the framework of the effective law and in the taxation scope of the country.