The authors outline four key stages in the establishment and development of integrated psycholinguistic analysis within the system of forensic science organizations of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. The first is associated with the period when psychological and linguistic evaluation first emerged and started to develop as new branches of forensic investigation, accompanied by the launch of new training programs, and accumulation of practical experience. The second stage was marked by the establishment of new objects and subject of investigation in forensic psychology (information materials and their intentionality), as well as integrated psycholinguistic evaluation. The third stage is identified by the improvement of forensic methodology for integrated evaluations, establishment of specialized departments tasked with tackling extremism related casework, modernization of forensic education and training programs, and introduction of new types of integrated psycholinguistic evaluations. The fourth stage is that of further evolution of psycholinguistic analysis, mutual integration of special knowledge in psychology and linguistics and its application, and expansion of the variety of objects and objectives that require a multidisciplinary approach. Consolidated overview of practices in integrated forensic psycholinguistic analysis covers the period 2014–2016.
The article addresses the problem of using a deliberative category of “expert terms” in forensic linguistics. The issue is related to the questions of the relations between the linguistic and legal terms standing for so-called speech offenses and the use of legal concepts when wording expert tasks and conclusions. Basing on the understanding of the concept “expert terms” of the general theory of forensic science and the provisions of the theory of expert terms of forensic psychology under which the expert terms hold the position between legal and basic sciences’ concepts, an attempt is made to contemplate theoretically the category of “expert terms” as applied to the forensic linguistics. The article also shows the algorithm for developing forensic linguistic terms depending on the wording of a legal provision on examples from expert practice.
A controversial issue of the demarcation between a linguistic expert’s and an authorship investigator’s competencies when conducting forensic examinations in cases related to copyright and related rights violations is considered. In this category of cases there is mainly a need to deal with the task of ascertaining particularities of texts related to the fact of plagiarism that is the comparison of texts to reveal matching fragments, presence of borrowing, its direction which is the task of a linguistic expertise. Tasks which fall under the authorship investigator’s purview are associated with the examination of written language skill and aim to determine the authorship and text drafting conditions. Formerly researchers did not separate the tasks of linguistic and authorship investigations indicating the lack of methodological development of the issue. The article suggests some methodological approaches to solving the main tasks of linguistic expertise on cases involving copyright and related rights violations developed as a result of an overview of the practice of conducting such examinations in the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Russian Ministry of Justice.
The article examines the problems of studying the investigation video to establish credibility of the evidence, to specify emotional state, individual psychological characteristics and the psychological impact on the person being interrogated. These problems are mostly caused by the lack of a single scientifically-based methodological approach while сurrently used approaches are not developed sufficiently. We propose a fundamentally new scientifically-based psycho-linguistic approach to the study of investigation video, including the analysis of voice and sounding speech, linguistic analysis (the content and form of speech) and psychological analysis. We considered value, subject, object, and objectives of interrogation videos examination. Study of interrogation videos using the current approach is significant from the point of view of criminal law because of admissibility of evidence by the investigators. The expert concept of suggestive interrogate was operationalized on the basis of linguistic and psychological classifications.
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