The problem of supporting user choice in recommender systems is considered, taking into accountthe limitations that arise when solving a cold start problem. Structuring of this problem was carried out and suchaspects of a cold start were highlighted as the emergence of a new user, the emergence of a new consumer interest object, a change in the user selection context, a change in consumer interests over time. A system-oriented model of object selection in the normal operation mode of the recommender system was proposed, as well as a model-oriented model of object selection under cold start conditions. Restrictions in the proposed models are presented in the form of predicates on variables that characterize the properties of consumers and objects of theirinterest, as well as the context of consumer choice. The advantage of the proposed models is the ability to limit the input data, so that they correspond to the most significant laws of consumer choice in this context at a given time interval, which allows us to simplify the construction of recommendations for new consumers and new objects. An approach to building recommendations in the context of cold start restrictions is proposed. The approach assumes the formation of constraints based on the intellectual analysis of the input data of the recommender system, as well as the further use of these constraints in constructing recommendations in cold start conditions.

The problem of taking into account changes in the user’s behavior of the recommendation system whenconstructing explanations for recommendations is considered. This problem occurs as a result of cyclical changes in userrequirements. Its solution is associated with the construction of an explanation comparing the alternative choices of theuser of the recommendation system. The developed models of temporal patterns consist of a set of temporal relationshipsbetween the events of users’ choice of goods and services. The first pattern contains an alternative in the form of sequential selection in time of several objects or the selection of only a pair - the first and the last object. The second pattern,sequential-alternative choice, consists of a sequence of choices over time, which ends with the first pattern. The proposedapproach to the formation of patterns is based on the construction of data sets containing temporal dependencies betweena group of user choices for a given level of time detail. The temporal dataset is used to construct a temporal graph of therecommender system user selection process. The latter includes a set of temporal patterns with an indication of the timeof their beginning and end, which makes it possible to determine the duration of the implementation of these patterns.On the basis of the patterns, subsets of temporal relationships are formed to build explanations for the recommendedlist of goods and services. Experimental verification of the developed approach using the “Online Retail” sales data sethas shown the possibility of identifying temporal patterns even on short initial samples.

В статье поднимается проблема создания положительного имиджа образовательной организации школы. Внимание акцентируется на влиянии ключевых факторов развития имиджа. Раскрыт вклад педагогов в создание имиджа школы в контексте рассматриваемых факторов: экономических, эстетических, профессиональных, социально-личностных, а также их содержательных характеристик. The article raises the problem of creating a positive image of the educational organization of the school. Attention is focused on the influence of key factors of image development. The contribution of teachers to the creation of the school's image is revealed in the context of the factors under consideration: economic, aesthetic, professional, socio-personal, as well as their content characteristics.