A brief review on the epidemiology, clinical picture, diagnostic assessment and treatment of respiratory mycoplasmosis in children is presented. Based on the data offered by the pediatric department of the clinical unit and on examination results given by the laboratory of molecular genetic research methods, the peculiarities of mycoplasmosis extension among children in Khabarovsk in recent years have been noted. The example of the case of mycoplasmosis infection in a family, when 3 out of 4 members of the same family were diagnosed with one of the most serious forms of respiratory mycoplasmosis – community-acquired pneumonia, is described. Different variants of the major disease course depending on the age, premorbid background and therapy are described. The efficiency of the use of macrolides for the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumonia under significant etiological verification of the pathogen using PCR is described.