The article presents the characteristics of the main risk factors and shows the need to involve the family, educational and medical resources, depending on the features of risk factors affecting different stages of human life. It was found that high medical awareness does not affect negotiability of citizens in medical institutions and adherence to a healthy lifestyle. The high frequency of individuals (35.1%), knowledgeable about the principles of health preservation and able to carry them out, but do not applying their medical knowledge and skills in practice, was revealed. One of the ways to improve adherence of health saving behavior of the population is a dynamic monitoring of the implementation of health recommendations according to the primary accounting documents.

In modern conditions of the development of public health it is necessary to introduce organizational measures to improve the system of formation of hygiene awareness at all stages of the life activity. Purpose of the study is to determine characteristics of the shaping of medical knowledge and skills of health preservation in main periods of the life and substantiation of organizational and preventive measures to advance the system of informing and motivating to the health-saving behavior and to improve the quality of life. Material and methods. With the help of a complex study program among the urban and rural population (n=1710) characteristics of the formation of health-saving behavior were studied and organizational and preventive measures to improve the quality of life were substantiated. Results. According to results of the cluster analysis, subjects were divided into risk groups by the level of motivation to health-saving behavior (well-being, the relative and absolute risk). Periods of the formation of medical awareness were designed with account of leading determinant of the risk of stages of the life activity. A high level of hygiene awareness provides more favorable indices of the health and quality of life in urban and rural residents. Under the implementation of the discriminant analysis there were identified most significant indices of health-saving behavior under the impact on the quality of life. Conclusion. the study shows the insufficient efficacy of the existing system of the shaping health-saving behavior. At that health-saving behavior should be considered as a dynamic process that develops at stages of the life activity and on the life-support levels, with the priority role of health professionals in the formation of hygiene awareness. There was proposed the regional model of organizational and administrative activity, methods of the formation of the system of hygiene awareness and health-saving behavior recommended to be included as part of programs of the prevention of diseases.

Purpose: This study analyzed the effectiveness of minimizing surgical trauma, reducing the severity of the stress reaction, and restoring the normal functioning of the body after planned gallbladder operations under an enhanced recovery program. Materials and Methods: This prospective comparison study included 30 patients from the surgical department of Irkutsk Clinical Hospital No. 1 who had been diagnosed with cholelithiasis in 2019-2020. All 30 patients completed the study and were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the FTS group (group I, n = 15) and the standard group (group II, n = 15). The comparison groups were statistically homogeneous in terms of preoperative parameters. All patients underwent prescribed surgeries. In the early and late postoperative period, there were no cases of mortality or significant complications. Results: A comparison of the groups with respect to the effectiveness of treatment according to established criteria showed good treatment results for 13 (86.6%) patients in group I and 2 (13.3%) patients in group II (p = 0.016). The FTS treatment protocol was a significant predictor of treatment success (OR 3.1; 95% CI 0.2; 6.0; p = 0.033). Conclusion: The fast track surgery protocol gave superior results for surgical treatment in comparison with the standard protocol in patients with cholelithiasis.

Modern socially-oriented policy in Russia prioritizes the complex of prevention activities with the use of modern health-saving technologies. At that it is necessary to substantiate methodologically and methodically integrated quantitative and qualitative characteristics, based on which evaluation of the types of functioning and conditions of life affecting health and quality of human life is possible. On the basis of specially developed complex program (15 scales) the study of the quality of life and health of the urban working population of St. Petersburg (n=2276) was executed. The method of the determination of the risk groups according to types of functioning and health groups was developed. Performed medico-social and clinical-statistical study allowed to identify changes of the quality of life indices according to the type of functioning at various conditions and characteristics of life and health. According to indices of the quality of life there was revealed the high proportion of urban residents in groups of relative and absolute risk. Especially significant decrease in the quality of life indices in these groups was noted on indices of socio-hygienic functioning, socio-economic well-being, socio-psychological comfort, social adaptation, recreational activities, medico-social activity and prevention activities. There was established a higher probability of the formation of chronic disease and the decrease in the satisfaction with the quality of life in urban residents in groups of the absolute risk with dissatisfaction with the living conditions and livelihoods. The proposed scales and types of functioning in the structure of health-related quality of life can be used in a comprehensive hygienic studies implemented on the basis of a risk assessment methodology, under comparison of indices of livelihoods and satisfaction with living conditions, in complex evaluation of the efficiency of medical preventive, social and environmental programs