The main factors of the working environment that harm a woman’s health in the course of work are considered to be physical exertion and functional overstrain, noise, chemical and biological factors, and microclimate. The most unfavorable sectors of the economy in the Republic of Bashkortostan are manufacturing, construction and the agricultural sector, where the largest number of jobs are registered that do not meet the hygienic standards for the above-mentioned production factors, which undoubtedly serves as the main cause of the development of occupational diseases among women. Material and methods.According to the medical records of the inpatient patient, the acts on the case of occupational disease and the registration form No. 30, the etiological causes and the structure of occupational morbidity by industry sectors of the Republic of Bashkortostan among women for 2016–2020 were studied. Results. Among the subjects of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Bashkortostan for the analyzed fiveyear period ranked 25–27th in terms of employment of women in jobs with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, and among the 14 regions of the Volga Federal District — 3–5 places. If in the period 2016–2019 among all the primary established occupational diseases from 32.4 to 43.0 % were women, then by 2020 more than half of all occupational diseases (54.7 %) were detected among women. Of the 114 cases of occupational diseases identified to 85 female workers, a third of them worked in health care (32.9 %), a slightly smaller part (30.6 %) — in mechanical engineering (manufacturing) and a fifth — in the agro-industrial complex (21.1 %). The leading place in the structure of occupational pathology of women was occupied by diseases associated with high physical overload and overstrain of individual organs and systems (54.2 %). The reason for the change in the structure of occupational diseases in the region in 2020 there was a new coronavirus infection-Covid-19 in medical workers, which brought diseases from the influence of a biological factor to the second position. Conclusion. The state of working conditions and occupational morbidity among women workers indicates the lack of an effective mechanism for protecting women’s labor and the need to develop effective legislative documents for the protection of their labor and health.

Introduction. The working population health is the basis of human capital, which is a factor in the country’s sustainable economic development. The conditions of occupational activity rank first in the structure of health factors of a working person. Materials and methods. The working conditions and the structure of the newly identified occupational morbidity at a metallurgical enterprise located in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan are analyzed based on statistical reporting documents on newly established occupational diseases for the period 2011-2019 and the hygienic characteristics of labour assessment presented by Rospotrebnadzor specialists with suspicion of an occupational aetiology of the diseases. Results. Over the past number of years, workers in manufacturing industries of the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB) have been diagnosed annually from 2.16 to 6.76 cases of occupational diseases per 10 thousand workers, which makes it possible to attribute these industries to a high level of occupational risk. Over the past decade, 117 cases (11 to 26 cases per year) of occupational diseases were detected at the enterprise for the first time. In the structure of nosological forms, musculoskeletal system diseases and connective tissue rank first. Limitations of the study. The limitation of this study is the lack of complete information about working conditions in the presented sanitary and hygienic characteristics. In recent years, there has been a decrease in registered occupational morbidity against the background of minor changes in working conditions. The identification of occupational diseases is often associated with the level of competence of employees of medical institutions who examine the relationship of the disease with the occupation and certain attitudes of the employee and employer. Conclusion. The working conditions of metallurgical workers are characterized by the impact of a complex of occupational factors, the leading of which is the intensity of the work process. The working conditions of this process are considered to be harmful Class 3 (3.3). Between 2011 and 2019, the link between the disease and occupational activity was established in 117 cases, mainly in workers (wire drawers, wire winders, repairmen, metal sorters) experiencing significant physical dynamic loads.

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