No abstract

Relevance. After the introduction of state support for enterprises that put fallow lands into circulation, more and more such lands are beginning to be used for agricultural production. However, there are practically no scientifically based recommendations for the development of fallow lands for their more effective introduction into agricultural production.Methods. The research was carried out in a field experiment in the Nizhny Novgorod region on light gray forest soil. The technologies of basic processing of fallow lands and their impact on the yield and energy efficiency of grain cultivation were studied. The experiment was based on a three-factor scheme.Results. The article says that on light gray forest soils it is necessary to apply technologies for the production of grain crops using mechanical treatments (traditional technology and mini-till technology), which allow creating more favorable conditions for the growth and development of cultivated plants than direct sowing technology (no-till), which in turnleads to to increase the yield of the studied crops. It is established that the cultivation of Sinapis alba as green-manured fallow allows to increase the yield of the studied crops. It was revealed that with direct processing of fallow lands without the application of mineral fertilizers and without the cultivation of green manure crop, the most energetically recouped technology is the traditional technology of cultivation of grain crops (energy coefficient — 1.51). The introduction of organic fertilizers in the form of growing a green manure crop, without the introduction of mineral fertilizers, reduces the energy efficiency of all the technologies studied. When cultivating grain crops on a mineral background and with the cultivation of Sinapis alba as a green manure crop, the mini-till technology (energy coefficient — 1.45) is most energetically advantageous, it is more energy efficient thentraditional technology by 0.7%and then no-till technology— by 14.5%.

Изучено влияние различных способов обработки почвы на урожайность картофеля.

Рассчитана экономическая эффективность двух технологий выращивания картофеля. Выявлено, что наиболее рентабельной (84 %) является технология с использованием оборотного плуга, гребнеобразующей фрезы и ширине междурядья 90 см.

В статье рассматриваются вопросы применения капельного полива и заболеваний картофеля.