A qualitative, or species, study of the microflora of the oral cavity was carried out using the technique of aerobic and anaerobic cultivation in patients with a full adentia of the upper and lower jaw before and after implantation. In patients after dental implantation, a change was observed both in the qualitative composition of the flora (the frequency of isolation of certain species) and the number of microbes secreted, which, in addition, underwent a certain dynamics on the 7th and 14th days of observation. On the 7th and further, on the 14th day of the study, a gradual decrease in the proportion of obligate-anaerobic and, above all, virulent periodontopathogenic species was observed (although their complete disappearance did not occur). In addition, the number of stabilizing microbial species was restored and was approaching normal. As a positive fact, indicating the favorable results of the surgical stage of treatment, it should also be noted that the number of most pathogenic species decreased by the 14th day from the moment of surgery to the minimum values.