С использованием «квантовой теории атомов в молекулах» (QTAIM) определены интегральные электронные характеристики (заряды и объемы) функциональных групп NH, C(O)H, SH, CH, OH, CHOH, CHCOOH, COOH, CHC(O)NH, CHS, СН, CH(CH)-OH и C(O)NH десяти молекул α-аминокислот и такого же количества α-аминоальдегидов. Показано, что преобразование структуры (замена СООН на C(O)H) снижает заряд заместителя и аминогруппы, увеличивает объем атомного бассейна NH. Рассмотрена электроотрицательность групп, установлено стерическое влияние объема фрагмента CH(CH)-OH на NH. Составлена качественная шкала электроотрицательностей функциональных групп ((R)) исследуемых соединений и описан алгоритм шкалирования (R). Using the «quantum theory of atoms in molecules» (QTAIM), the integral electronic characteristics (charges and volumes) of the functional groups NH, C(O)H, SH, CH, OH, CHOH, CHCOOH, COOH, CHC(O)NH, CHS, СН, CH(CH)-OH and C(O)NH for ten molecules of α-amino acids and ten of α-aminoaldehydes are determined. It is shown that a change in the structure (replacement of COOH by C(O)H) reduces the charge of the substituent and the amino group and increases the volume of the NH group. The electronegativity of the groups are considered, and the steric effect of the volume of the CH(CH)-OH fragment on NH is established. A qualitative scale of electronegativities of functional groups ((R)) of the studied compounds was compiled and a scaling algorithm (R) was described.
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