The risk analysis is performed of carbon monoxide formation during manual arc welding of metal products using electrodes. The system of protection is considered of the person against carbon monoxide in the room of manufacturing which consists of means of collective and individual protection. The reasons are analysed for failures of the workplace safety system. A failure tree was constructed of the welder's protection system against carbon monoxide using a protective mask, which is not equipped with a gas detector, and when working in a mask which is equipped with a gas detector. The mathematical models of welding processes are obtained as a result of research and analysis of the results. Mathematical expressions are given for calculating the reliability of the protection system. The risk assessment take the place for carbon monoxide poisoning during welding works with the system of ensuring the safety of the employee, i.e. the notification system for the presence of carbon monoxide in the work area (individual alarm) and without it.
The article is devoted to the analysis of studies of the application of music therapy methods in the training of future doctors. The basis of music therapy programs aimed at improving the students' academic achievement is the so-called "Mozart effect" (discovered by scientists at the University of California in 1993), the essence of which is to increase individual components of the IQ test after listening to Mozart's music. The experience of medical universities in the countries of the European Union, the US, and Canada shows that music therapy is effective in creating a mental state, thanks to which students learn new information much better. Music therapy programs based on managing the students' mental state during lectures and group practical training have demonstrated high effectiveness. Dynamic testing of mental balance and stress indicators during the academic year revealed significant improvement. The application of such programs made it possible to increase the students' academic achievement in the educational process by 20%. It was been established that students participating in collective music therapy programs spent less time on tasks (both at home and during exams) due to increased ability to concentrate. In addition, they missed classes significantly less often and had fewer academic debts. According to the control questionnaire, the program participants registered an improvement in the quality of sleep and a decrease in the manifestations of psychological stress. The results of students who trained according to individual programs of music psychotherapy were even better; the program was determined according to the psychological type of the student. The popularization and the widespread implementation of music therapy in the educational process of domestic medical universities will improve the quality in the training of the future doctor.
The article is devoted to the analysis of studies of the use of multimedia clinical scenarios (virtual patients) in the training of family doctors. The experience of medical universities in the countries of the European Union, the United States and Canada shows that «virtual patients» are effectively used to teach students the skills of professional communication with patients, as well as to form and improve clinical reasoning. Programs based on the integration of the dialogue management system generate emotionally responsive interactive 3D characters created with high-resolution visualization in the game engine, able to support dialogue with the help of natural language. Testing revealed a high realism of a conversation with the virtual patient, as well as great benefits both for the development of communication skills and for the development of empathy. Application of such programs can increase the academic success of students in the relevant sections of the educational process by 25%. It is established that a virtual patient gives equal opportunities to traditional methods with equal time, but not money: providing training in real or "standardized" patients is much harder and more expensive. In addition, the further improvement of virtual scenarios allows us to rely on what will be presented the whole range of diagnostic situations that can be encountered by a family doctor in real practice. Thus, the undisputed advantage of virtual patients to the traditional methods of training future physicians of clinical thinking is realized. The scenarios for virtual patients expanded to "virtual family," which allowed to further narrowing the gap between virtual and real methods of teaching family doctors. The best results were revealed with a combination of virtual patients and traditional pedagogical techniques. Popularization and widespread introduction of virtual patients into the educational process of Ukrainians medical universities will improve the quality of training of future family doctors.