The article is devoted to the definition of the main determinants of bank lending to small and medium-sized businesses in modern conditions, analysis of current lending conditions and analysis of government regulations on business support. Approaches have been developed to increase the efficiency of the components of the State Program of Affordable Loans, the implementation of which will not only reduce the potential risk of bankruptcy of the borrower, enhance the effect of the state regulations, but also provide incentives and support for small and medium businesses.