On the basis of the solution of the equation of the movement (in conception of «vortex backfill”) offered earlier, the generalized formula for a profile of speed of a turbulent and laminar current in pipes is received. The formula has binomial power shape. The received solution allows to consider speed of a turbulent kernel of a stream, or, more precisely, averaged on time value of axial component of this speed, as the sum of three items - carrying, parabolic and power but not parabolic. It is shown that the profile of turbulent speed of the basic part of a stream is described by the parabolic component. Transformation of the equation of movement in which solutions both laminar, and turbulent profiles of speeds (in the basic part of a stream) are direct lines (or very close to them) is offered. Some features of turbulent flow, similar to currents in a granular layer are noted.

В статье рассматривается проблема засорения околоземного космического пространства. Исследу-ется способ очистки от крупногабаритных фрагментов космического мусора с помощью космического аппарата -сборщика мусора с электроракетным двигателем малой тяги. Построена массовая модель космического аппарата одноразового и многоразового применения. Рассматривается баллистическая схема, предусматривающая перелёт космического аппарата с орбиты ожидания на орбиту расположения космического мусора, его спуск на поверхность Земли и возвращение многоразового космического аппа-рата на орбиту ожидания. Для предложенного критерия оценки эффективности транспортной операции и введённого допущения о постоянстве ускорения от тяги получены аналитические соотношения для рас-чёта проектных параметров космического аппарата. Результаты расчёта проектных параметров пред-ставлены в обобщённом виде.Космический мусор, космический аппарат -сборщик мусора, критериальная функция, приведён-ная характеристическая скорость, проектные параметры, общий ресурс.

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Models and methods for studying turbulence based on the concept of turbulent "vortex backfill" are presented. The essence of this concept is that the turbulent flow is considered as laminar, flowing through a "vortex backfill ", which creates internal resistance. This resistance can be considered either as distributed, or as locally concentrated. Based on the first representation, a modified Navier-Stokes equation, its approximate analytical and numerical solutions are obtained. Based on the second concept and the local fluctuation method developed for these purposes, a computer model of the turbulent flow in the pipes is obtained. Using simulation, it is shown that, when a certain system of local viscosity fluctuations is specified, the calculated flow profile corresponds to the profile of the turbulent flow velocity. The magnitude and profile of the turbulent viscosity of the flow are completely determined by the structure and properties of the "vortex backfill ". The results of the work confirm the possibility and efficiency of considering turbulence based on this concept.