Ion-selective membranes have a high degree of separation of the solutions, both with low and high concentrations of dissolved salts. Besides solutions using ion selective membrane occurs in the low operating pressures of 0.1-2 bar, depending on the substrate to which the working layer is applied. Lately, in the production of conductive polymers are used, such as polyaniline (PANI), for example for the manufacture of solar cells, sensor devices, for making protection from electrostatic charges and corrosion, as well as ion-exchange membranes. Use in the preparation of PANI, or modification has the advantages of ion exchange membranes in the communication and availability of raw materials and ease of manufacture and also because of such quality as high selective permeability. Modification of membranes to form on the surface and in the pores of the PANI layer, which is a cationic, allows to obtain ion-exchange membranes are not inferior in selectivity by reverse osmosis on a number of cations. The aim is to establish the chemical nature of using FTIR spectroscopy layer surface modification of PTFE and nylon membranes by polymerization of aniline and the study of possible changes in the properties of membranes such as exchange capacity and moisture content. In this operation the composite membranes prepared from cation-modified surface layer on the substrate a polyaniline and nylon of PTFE. The results of the study by infrared spectroscopy of the molecular structure of polyaniline and a number of materials on its basis.

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In this work researches on division of water oil emulsions and oil-containing waste by a coalescention method on granular polymers from a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with sizes of particles of grains from 0,5 mm to 3 mm are conducted. Dynamic filtration of an emulsion was carried out through grains of polymer filled in a column with a diameter of 10 mm, the mass of grains of polymer was 2 g, and height of filling of a column of 10-12 cm. Speed of filtration of these emulsions through a column depends on the size of grains of a polytetrafluoroethylene. So with increase in the size of particles the speed of filtration increases, but the efficiency of removal of oil products decreases. Extent of cleaning of a water oil emulsion of oil products with initial concentration of 828 mg/dm3 made 62% at filtration through polymer with sizes of grains <0,5 mm and 51% at filtration of an emulsion through polymer grains with a size more than 3 mm. The efficiency of removal of free oil products was more than 90% of waste water. On the surface of grains of polymers the coalescention and aggregation of a particle of oil products is observed. Coalescention of oil products on grains of polymer is effective at removal from the unstable and stratified emulsions.