Background -In oral pathology, laser devices can provide important advantages, especially in the treatment of certain lesions. However, there is controversy about the use of some wavelengths in the analysis of suspected dysplastic or neoplastic lesions, raising doubt about the laser's suitability for use in biopsy procedures. The present pilot study evaluates the pathomorphological characteristics and suitability of Er:YAG and diode lasers for performing excisional biopsies in the oral mucosa with special emphasis on the extent of the thermal damage zone created. Material and Methods -10 patients were randomly assigned to one diode or one Er:YAG laser groups. The Er:YAG laser(2940nm) was used in a pulsed wave mode 200mJ/35Hz with a power of 7 W. Power settings for the diode laser(810 nm) were 3 W in a pulsed mode. The thermal damage zone of the two lasers and intraoperative and postoperative complications were assessed and compared.All biopsy specimens were evaluated by optical microscopy by threeblinded pathologists. After establishing the pathomorphological diagnosis of the lesion assessed, the pathologists measured the maximal width of the peripheral thermal damage zone in the specimen in μm and classified it using appropriate index. Results -The peripheral thermal damage zone on the borders of the excisional biopsies was significantly smaller with the Er:YAG laser compared to the diode laser regarding values in μm or pathomorphological index scores. No postoperative complications occurred in any of the two groups. Conclusions -The Er:YAG laser seems to be appropriate for excisional biopsies of benign oral mucosal lesions. The Er:YAG laser offers clear advantages in terms of smaller thermal damage zones over the diode laser. Although in some samples thermal damage was minimally visible, in all samples histological evaluation was clearly possible. The study demonstrated that the Er:YAG laser can be safely used in oral biopsy investigations while ensuring a successful histological evaluation, which is fundamental to correct clinical management.

ERG could be preferably used in diagnosing prostate needle biopsies, lesions that are hard to interpret and controversial expression of AMACR/34βE12.

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Ameloblastoma is a benign, locally aggressive tumour, with an unicystic variant that is very difficult to be differentiated from odontogenic cysts, because of their similarity in the clinical manifestation and X-ray examination. The morphological similarities between these processes make for a more difficult histological diagnosis. We present a case of a 32-year old male, admitted in the Maxillofacial surgery clinic in a University hospital for surgical treatment, because of a swelling in the left mandibular vestibule. A cystic formation, histologically diagnosed as an epithelial one, is removed. Eight months later, the patient is admitted once again, with the same symptoms. The biopsy result from the second operation is a plexiform unicystic ameloblastoma. What is being discussed is the connection between the two pathological processes and the difficulties with giving the correct morphological diagnosis.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is unregulated hyperproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH