The aim of the research is to increase the spring barley productivity via the use of various methods of soil treatment, affecting its enzymatic activity, in conditions of the middle Volga region insufficient moisture. The possibilities of minimizing soil tillage for barley in the forest-steppe of the middle Volga region of the Samara region are consid-ered. The studies were conducted in two crop rotations on the experimental fields of the Samara state agricultural Academy Department of «Agriculture, soil management, agro-chemicals and land registry» Samara state agricul-tural Academy in 2005-2008. The following variants of main soil tillage were studied: 20-22 cm; depth tilling; 10-12 cm; loosening; zero plowing. The average soil samples were taken from the experimental field from all variants of tillage in triplicate during two periods: in the seedlings and after harvesting. Samples were taken from different depths: 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm, crushed and sieved through a metal sieve. Soil-ecological monitoring is aimed at tracking changes occurring in the soil under the influence of various anthropogenic loads. The dependence of the total soil biogenicity on the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) was revealed. It was found that microbiota was more active in relation to pure steam during the year with a low HTC, as well as during the year with a higher HTC on the background of sideral steam. The mostly spread enzymes characteristic of the vast majority of soil microflora-catalase, invertase, urease – were studied for obtaining better understanding of the total enzymatic activity of the soil. No significant influence of the main treatment methods on the activity of the enzyme catalase and invertase was found, but as for the spread of urease within the soil layers it was revealed: the increase in the activity of the enzyme in the upper soil layer ranging in 0-10 cm and a decrease in its activity with the depth increase was ob-served with the fall of the mechanical load. The use of green manure steam in crop rotation contributed to an in-crease in the number of soil microorganisms and the activity of soil enzymes.

The research is aimed at the development of effective methods to restore soil fertility under intensive agrogenic loads. The studies were conducted in the fields of the Department of Plant Cultivation and Agriculture from 2016 to 2018. The following variants of single-species and mixed crops of perennial grasses were studied: 1. awnless brome; 2. crested wheat grass; 3. awnless brome + smooth brome; 4. crested wheat grass + Agropyron; 5 awnless brome + smooth brome + Hungarian sainfoin; 6. crested wheat grass + Agropyron + Hungarian sainfoin. Medium soil samples were taken from the experimental field from all variants of single-species and mixed crops of perennial grasses in triplicate in three periods: beginning, middle, and end of the growing season. Samples were taken from depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. Bacteria number was assessed by sowing special soil mixture on the solid sterile MPA media according to the method of J. Sega. Enzyme activity was determined by the method of A. Sh. Galstyan. When studying the activity of PPO, a high activity of this enzyme was observed in the soil layer of 20-40 cm. The analysis of the activity of the enzyme peroxidase has various indicators both between the studied variants and in the soil section. The high activity of the enzymes was noted in the variants «awnless brome + smooth brome» and «crested wheat grass + Agropyron + Hungarian sainfoin». In the process of research, a correlation was found between peroxidase activity and the number of bacteria. The highest coefficient of humification was noted in the «awnless brome», the lowest – «crested wheat grass + Agropyron + Hungarian sainfoin». From 2016 to 2018, in the first variant, a decrease in the coefficient of humification is observed. Thus, of the above options, with the optimal species composition, the following options turned out to be: « awnless brome», «awnless brome +smooth brome», «awnless brome +smooth brome + Hungarian sainfoin». Research data were processed by the dispersion method.

The researches are targeted at the efficiency increase of summer barley by application of various ways of soil main processing, in the conditions of insufficient moistening of Central Volga area. Researches were conducted in two the five-field crop rotations on pilot fields of «Agriculture, Soil Science, Agro Chemistry and Land Registry» depart-ment of the Samara GSHA in 2005-2008. The following options of soil main processing were studied: plowing on depth of 20-22 cm; loosening on 10-12 cm; zero processing. Average samples during three stages were investigated from the pilot field of all options of soil processing in triple frequency: in a phase of shoots, heading and after harvesting. Samples taken from various depths: 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm, were crushed and sifted. Assessment of total number and ratio of main groups of microorganisms in the soil were carried out by method of microbiological seed-ing of soil mixture on solid nutrient mediums. Content seeding was sterilized in the autoclave. Bacterial inoculation was made on the meat-peptonny agar (MPA), actinomycetes – on the starch-and ammonia agar (SAA), micromy-cetes – on Czapek's. The productivity of summer barley was determined by the mechanized method with regard to area. Soil microbiocenosis change under the influence of various ways of processing was considered. As a result of the conducted researches influence of the fallow tillage on productivity of barley is noted. Barley used with green manured fallow for seeding increases its productivity by 5.5%. Its influence on the general biogennost of the soil is noted. The traditional processing of the soil had no significant effect on productivity of the studied culture.