The scientific article considers methods for studying the underlying surface of agro landscapes of slope lands - local and integral: contact and non-contact. Each group in turn includes a visual, optical and mechanical approach. For carrying out experimental studies on sloping lands, a method has been developed for determining the average slope, roughness and waviness of an elementary site in the field, and profilographs for its implementation. Using the moving average method, it is possible to break the data into components and isolate, on a general background, the average surface slope, randomly distributed irregularities, surface roughness and technological furrows with a corrugation of the surface. In order to automate the process of determining these parameters, a program has been developed that allows you to directly calculate and display information on the monitor screen. Field studies using a profiler with contactless profilograph were conducted on different soil fertility, including the examination of the field station, located on the slope of the complex after the pre-winter tillage BDM-3x4P in Morgaushskiy District of the Chuvash Republic. After data processing, the average slope of the elementary area for a certain point of the field was 0.06 or 3.440. The direction of the main soil cultivation was determined from the angle of deviation of the technological grooves from the direction of the slope, which amounted to 93.60. The data obtained are presented in the Excel spreadsheet as a relationship between two parameters: the angle of rotation and the height of the surface profile of the soil, in the form of a sweep. Further, using the moving average method for the field section with soil disking, the average slope of the surface was determined to be 3.440, the surface roughness was 3.54 mm, and the waviness (soreness) of the soil surface was 7.94 cm.

In the article, based on the analysis of available sources of information, information on various types of modeling is systematized and presented, an improved classification is proposed according to which one can distinguish: full, incomplete and approximate (in completeness); stochastic and deterministic (by degree of certainty); discrete, discrete-continuous, continuous (by intermittence); static and dynamic (by the change in time); constructive and descriptive (by the presence of controlled variables); functional, information, behavioral (depending on the aspect of modeling); educational, experimental, scientific and technical, game and imitation (in the field of modeling); mental and real (in the form of implementation); the real, depending on the method of implementation, is divided into the natural (scientific experiment, complex tests, production experiment) and physical (in real time, model time and without time); depending on whether the computer is used for mental modeling is divided into computer and non-computer. By the way of realization, the mental is divided into visual (hypothetical, analog and mocked), symbolic (linguistic and sign) and mathematical (situational, cybernetic, structural, analytical, algorithmic and combined). Also, the mathematical, depending on the properties reflected, is divided into geometric, probabilistic and topological. The article presents historical facts related to the stages of the development of modeling. Causes and main directions of development of modeling and direction of human activity are indicated, in which modeling currently performs one of the main roles.

A brief analysis of suspension mechanisms and ways to improve the quality of press harvesting for flax harvesting is considered. By researching the mathematical model, the authors prove the possibility of increasing the stability of the elastic characteristics of the suspension mechanisms by changing the angle between the levers or changing the geometry of the structure, for example, the attachment point of a two-arm lever. Particular attention is drawn to the new term “reduced rigidity” of the suspension mechanism. Using this notion and the method of its determination, the authors recommend determining the optimal value of the reduced stiffness of the suspension in the way of mathematical modeling and using this indicator as the main optimization parameter. The results of theoretical and experimental studies were presented by the authors in the form of elastic characteristics of the suspension mechanisms. When conducting a study of the mathematical model, it is suggested to take into account the condition of equality of the maximum values of the moments of forces from the action of the tension forces of the belts or the mass of the working element and the moment of forces acting on the side of the tension springs. During the research of the suspension mechanism, the actual dimensions of the PR-1.5 baler design were adopted. At the same time, we briefly describe the design of the improved tensioning mechanism of a baler for flax harvesting. A rather detailed analysis is given by the authors of the obtained elastic characteristics of the suspension mechanism. Some new features of the elastic characteristics of the suspension mechanism that have not been previously detected are described. To confirm the correctness of the reasoning, the authors implemented their research in a real press-picker and conducted field research that confirmed the possibility of improving the quality of the upgraded version of the machine. To confirm the results of the research, the authors presented a fragment of the field test protocol. The task is solved, uniformity of the roll density is ensured and its density is increased.

A method for calculating the optimal parameters of soil-processing aggregates is proposed. In particular, the optimal parameters for the operation of the new K-424 Kiryusha Russian tractor in adaptive landscape farming are given. As is known, when studying the methods of increasing the efficiency of arable aggregates, it is necessary to consider the soil as an object of machining, which is characterized by hardness, mechanical composition, specific resistance, stickiness, plasticity, humidity, resistance to various deformations, coefficients of external and internal friction, stony, etc. Many researchers found that one of the main factors affecting the technological process of soil cultivation is its hardness. The spatial variability of the soil hardness of the field can be represented in the form of statistical characteristics or by mapping in isolines. The method of representing the spatial variability of the soil hardness of the field by the statistical method consists in establishing the hardness of the soil as a random variable. This method has a number of drawbacks, since it is required to repeatedly measure the studied quantities at the same points of the field, which is not always possible. Therefore, it is expedient to present the spatial variability of the soil hardness of the field in the form of maps containing isolines of soil hardness. Thus, the analysis of research on the operation of arable aggregates has shown that the most general relationship between performance indicators and operating conditions is manifested in their potential performance characteristics (PPC). The PPC combines the potential traction and performance characteristics of tractors and, in relation to the unit, represent the curves of changes in productivity and specific fuel consumption, depending on the individual parameters of its operation.

The final operation of feed mixtures preparation is the mixing of components in special devices - mixers of batch or continuous type. From the zootechnical point of view, it is important not only to introduce the components in the feed mix into the required ratio, but it is also necessary that they are evenly distributed throughout the mixture. It is especially important to distribute in the mass of the feed mixture components that are introduced in small amounts and have high feed value or biological activity: mixed fodders, protein-vitamin supplements (PVS), premixes, vitamins, trace elements, medicines, etc. In the Livestock mechanization Laboratory of North-East scientific research Institute of agriculture the theoretical and experimental studies of a horizontal auger belt auger are carried out. The results of experimental studies show that the maximum value of the homogeneity coefficient of the finished product is nn=83.57%, with the flow capacity of the mixer being equal to Q=5.75 tons per hectare, specific energy consumption q=1.67 kilowatt per ton.