The comparative assessment of the aimags population living standard and the country average level was carried out and some problem areas requiring closer examination were identified. We evaluated 12 indicators characterizing the development of the economic and social sphere of aimags, using the method of ranking calculated indices based on 2010 and 2018. The economy transition to a market entailed significant changes in the life of pastoralists. The desertification processes strongly influence the living standard of the herders whose level of prosperity is rather low compared to the country average level.

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This article considers a necessity to assign the Baikal basin as an integrated transboundary ecological-economic system where an incongruity of global ecological and local economic interests is observed. The existing problems and limitations of further development of the Baikal ecological-economic system are singled out.

In modern conditions, human capital is of great importance in the production of the value of goods and services. At present, the social and living conditions of people in rural areas lag far behind urban ones. Russia has identified a socially oriented model of society development among the development priorities for the coming years, which involves the support of social spheres of the economy that determine the conditions for human capital development. The article discusses the main conditions for the formation of human capital in rural areas of North Asia, which covers the territories of the least populated federal districts – Siberian, Ural and Far Eastern. The selected entities are different in terms of economic development and infrastructural potential. The article highlights the main factors in the formation of human capital and the conditions for its development in this region. The importance of the role of the state in ensuring the availability and improving the quality of social services, reducing the differences between rural and urban living conditions is shown.