The incidence of two counterpropagating coherent waves on the opposite surfaces of a planar periodically layered graphene – dielectric structure was studied. In the long-wave approximation, it is shown that, due to the variation of the phase difference of waves incident on the structure, it is possible to control the intensity of outgoing waves and the absorption of radiation in the structure. In the terahertz frequency domain there are close to optimal conditions for the realization of the intensity modulation effect, and in the near-IR and visible ranges the modulation of the absorbance of the structure is possible.