Ñ ïîìîùüþ èììóíîãèñòîõèìè÷åñêîãî àíàëèçà ïîëó÷åíû äàííûå, êîòîðûå ñâèäåòåëü-ñòâóþò î çíà÷èìîé ðîëè NO-ñèíòàçû 2 è öèòîêèíà ÔÍÎ-a â ïàòîãåíåçå CCl 4 -èíäóöè-ðîâàííîãî ïîðàaeåíèÿ ïå÷åíè. Ýòî ïðîÿâëÿëîñü â òîì, ÷òî äåéñòâèå ãåïàòîòîêñèíà ïðè-âîäèëî ê ïîâûøåíèþ ñîäåðaeàíèÿ è NO-ñèíòàçû 2, è ÔÍÎ-a â òêàíè ïå÷åíè. Ïðèìåíå-íèå êàê èññëåäóåìûõ ôèòîàäàïòîãåíîâ (ýêñòðàêòà ýëåóòåðîêîêêà è íàñòîéêè aeåíüøå-íÿ) â äîçàõ 48,5 è 47 ìã/êã ñóõîãî âåùåñòâà, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî, òàê è ïðåïàðàòà ñðàâíåíèÿ êàðñèëà â äîçå 100 ìã/êã åaeåäíåâíî â òå÷åíèå 5 íåäåëü, â çíà÷èòåëüíîé ñòåïåíè ïðåäó-ïðåaeäàëî íàêîïëåíèå êàê ôåðìåíòà NO-ñèíòàçû 2, òàê è öèòîêèíà ÔÍÎ-a â òêàíè ïå-÷åíè, ÷òî, ïî âñåé âèäèìîñòè, ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíèì èç ìåõàíèçìîâ èõ ãåïàòîïðîòåêòîðíîãî äåéñòâèÿ.Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: èììóíîãèñòîõèìèÿ; NO-ñèíòàçà 2; ÔÍÎ-a; ïå÷åíü; ôèòîàäàïòîãå-íû; ÷åòûðåõõëîðèñòûé óãëåðîä; ôèçè÷åñêàÿ íàãðóçêà; ìûøè. ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅÎäíèì èç ýòàëîííûõ ãåïàòîòðîïíûõ ÿäîâ, øèðîêî èñïîëüçóþùèõñÿ äëÿ ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ îñòðûõ, ïîäîñò-ðûõ, õðîíè÷åñêèõ òîêñè÷åñêèõ ãåïàòèòîâ, ÿâëÿåòñÿ ÷å-òûðåõõëîðèñòûé óãëåðîä. CCl 4 -ýòî òîêñè÷íîå, âû-ñîêîëèïîôèëüíîå ñîåäèíåíèå, êîòîðîå îêàçûâàåò íà-ïðàâëåííîå ïîâðåaeäàþùåå äåéñòâèå íà êëåòêè ïå÷å-íè, ïðèâîäÿ ê ðàçâèòèþ aeèðîâîé äèñòðîôèè è êîëëèêâàöèîííîãî íåêðîçà [7].  ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ ðÿä àâòîðîâ îòâîäÿò çíà÷èìóþ ðîëü â ïàòîãåíåçå CCl 4 èí-äóöèðîâàííûõ òîêñè÷åñêèõ ãåïàòèòîâ îêñèäó àçîòà (NO) è ôàêòîðó íåêðîçà îïóõîëè-a (ÔÍÎ-a) [4,8].Îêñèä àçîòà (NO) -âûñîêîýôôåêòèâíûé ðåãóëÿòîð ìåòàáîëèçìà, ïðîäóöèðóåìûé NO-ñèíòàçîé (NOS) ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî èç àìèíîêèñëîòû L-àðãèíèíà. Îïè-ñàíî 3 îñíîâíûå èçîôîðìû NO-ñèíòàç: 2 êîíñòèòóòèâ-íûå ôîðìû -íåéðîíàëüíàÿ è ýíäîòåëèàëüíàÿ (NOS1 è NOS3) -è ìàêðîôàãàëüíàÿ (NOS2), ÿâëÿþùàÿñÿ èíäóöèðóåìîé.  ãåïàòîöèòàõ áåëîê iNOS2 ýêñïðåññè-ðóåòñÿ â îòâåò íà ðÿä ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêèõ è ïàòîôèçèîëî-ãè÷åñêèõ âîçäåéñòâèé íà ïå÷åíü [3,9].ÔÍÎ-a (êàõåêòèí) -ïëåéîòðîïíûé ïðîâîñïàëè-òåëüíûé öèòîêèí, ñèíòåçèðóþùèéñÿ ìàêðîôàãàìè, ëèìôîöèòàìè, íåéòðîôèëàìè íà ðàííèõ ñòàäèÿõ âîñ-ïàëåíèÿ è íåêðîçà òêàíåé. Îí ó÷àñòâóåò â ôîðìèðîâà-íèè èììóííîãî è âîñïàëèòåëüíîãî îòâåòîâ, îáëàäàåò öèòîòîêñè÷åñêèì è öèòîëèòè÷åñêèì äåéñòâèåì â îò-íîøåíèè íåêîòîðûõ îïóõîëåâûõ êëåòîê. ÔÍÎ-a òàêaeå îáëàäàåò ñïîñîáíîñòüþ ñòèìóëèðîâàòü ìàêðîôàãè è ýíäîòåëèé ñîñóäîâ ê âûðàáîòêå îêñèäà àçîòà (NO) ïðè ðàçëè÷íûõ ïàòîëîãè÷åñêèõ ñîñòîÿíèÿõ [5,6]. ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì öåëüþ íàñòîÿùåé ðàáîòû ÿâëÿëîñü ïðîâåäåíèå èììóíîãèñòîõèìè÷åñêîé îöåíêè óðîâíÿ ýêñïðåññèè èçó÷àåìûõ áåëêîâ -ôåðìåíòà NOS2 è öè-òîêèíà ÔÍÎ-a.

The medical-preventive administration of ginseng and eleutherococcus was studied on sub-acute carbon tetrachloride-induced mice liver injury under exhaustive physical activity. The ability of these drugs to reduce CCL4-induced decrease in health expectancy indicator of swimming mice with 7% of the cargo was identified. In this study eleutherococcus and ginseng mostly showed protective effect against a physical endurance than the comparison drug, karsil. To assess the content of glycogen in the liver tissue was carried out histo-chemical study by PAS-reaction. The ranges of reduced glycogen have pale pink color on micrographs, unlike hepatocytes with normal glycogen having deeply stained reddish color that the more intensively, the greater the amount of glycogen contained in the hepatocyte. In all groups of experimental animals treated with CCL4, is uneven loss of glycogen by hepatocytes, which correlates with the data on the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride. There was a significant effect of the phytoadaptogens of the distribution of glycogen under these experimental conditions. This effect may be related to the hepato-protective effect of the drugs, as well as the previously identified ability phyto-adaptogens optimize bioenergetic processes during physical exercises.

The paper describes a case of parosteal lipoma of the temporal bone, by simultaneously involving the parotid salivary gland. Computed tomography performed in a 48-year-old man showed that in the area of the posterior edge of the glenoid fossa of the right temporal bone there was a massive (1.5×1.7×0.9-cm) exostosis extending down from the skull base. The exostosis was surrounded by a 3.5×3.6×5.3 soft tissue mass that was located in the projection of the right parotid salivary gland with a capsule and minor calcifications. Morphological examination determined a sessile exostosis-like mass in the area of the periosteum of the temporal bone. Foci of desmal and enchondral ossification (types III and IV according to the classification of Miller et al.) could be seen in the adjacent fatty tissue. The tumor underwent necrotic and dystrophic changes (Milgram's Stage 3). Temporal bone involvement was accompanied by osseous sialolipoma of the right parotid salivary gland. In this case, the fatty component accounted for 60-80% of salivary gland volume. Terminal secretory segments, ducts, and bone trabeculae with calcification foci and hematopoietic elements were uniformly distributed among the fatty tissue. None similar case has been found in the literature.