One of the mechanisms of cellular dysfunction during the chronization of immune-system-mediated inflammatory diseases is a change in the profile of expression and co-expression of receptors on cells. The aim of this study was to compare patterns of redistribution of TNF receptors (TNFRs) among patients with different durations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or asthma. Subgroup analysis was performed on RA (n = 41) and asthma (n = 22) patients with disease duration <10 years and >10 years and on 30 comparable healthy individuals. The co-expression profile of TNFR1 and TNFR2 was assessed in T cells, B cells, monocytes, regulatory T cells, T-helper subsets, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte subsets. Percentages of cells with different co-expression combinations and receptor density per cell were estimated. Longer disease duration was significantly associated with a redistribution of receptors in immunocompetent cell subsets with an increase in the expression of TNFR1 in asthma but did not correlate with significant unidirectional changes in receptor expression in RA. In asthma, a higher proportion of cells with a certain type of TNF receptor (as compared with the healthy group) was correlated with a simultaneous greater density of this receptor type. In RA, an inverse correlation was observed (compensatory lower receptor density). Mechanisms of long-term changes in the expression of TNF receptors differ significantly between the diseases of autoimmune and allergic etiology. The formation of irreversible morphostructural alterations was strongly correlated with changes in the expression of TNFR1 in asthma and with changes in the expression of TNFR2 in RA.
Резюме. Показано, что у больных бронхиальной астмой теломеры лимфоцитов и CD4 + клеток периферической крови короче, чем у доноров, и такое укорочение происходит в разных субпопуляциях в зависимости от клинико-патогенетической формы астмы. В подгруппе с инфекционно-зависимой астмой выявлено укорочение теломер в CD4 + и в CD8 + Т-лимфоцитах, у больных с астмой атопического генеза-только в CD4 + клетках. У больных астмой смешанного генеза изменения длины теломер не обнаружено, однако выявлена достоверная прямая зависимость между длиной теломер CD4 + и CD8 + Т-лимфоцитов и концентрацией сывороточного IgE. Оказалось, что чем выше уровень IgE в сыворотке крове пациента, тем более длинные теломеры в обеих субпопуляциях лимфоцитов. Полученные данные говорят о том, что сокращение теломер в лимфоцитах может происходить не только при истощении Т-клеточного пула и индуцируемой лимфопенией гомеостатической пролиферации, но и при экспансии антиген-реактивных клеток. Все эти данные говорят в пользу серьезных патогенетических различий разных форм бронхиальной астмы, важной основой которых может быть разный вклад атопического и инфекционного воспаления в развитие заболевания.
Exposure to nicotine during intrauterine development leads to immunodeficiency manifested in inhibition of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and reduced number of antibody-producing cells forming in response to sheep erythrocytes in newborn mice. The number of splenic CFU in the bone marrow of newborn mice exposed to nicotine in utero is decreased compared to the control. By contrast, nicotine induced an increase in splenic CFU count in fetal liver. We concluded that nicotine modifying the hemopoietic microenvironment delayed the release of primitive precursors from fetal liver, which impaired colonization of fetal bone marrow and led to imbalance in the production of mature blood cell, including immune system cells.
Адрес для переписки:Козлов Владимир Александрович ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии» 630099, Россия, г. Новосибирск, ул. Ядринцевская, 14. Тел.: 8 (383) 222-66-27. Факс: 8 (383) 222-70-28. E-mail: vakoz40@yandex.ru Address for correspondence : Kozlov Vladimir A. Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology 630099, Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Yadrintsevskaya str., Образец цитирования: иммунология, 2017. Т. 19, № 3. С. 225-240. doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-2017-3-225-240 © Козлов В.А., Демина Д.В., 2017 For citation: V. A. Kozlov, Immunologiya, 2017, Vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 225-240. doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-2017-3-225-240 DOI: 10.15789/1563-0625-2017 ТРИПТОФАН И INDOLEAMINE-2,3-DIOXYGENASE (IDO) В ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ ИММУНОКОМПРОМЕТИРОВАННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙКозлов В.А., Демина Д.В. ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии», г. Новосибирск, РоссияРезюме. Все больше и больше литературных данных свидетельствуют о ведущей роли в форми-ровании иммуносупрессорных механизмов фермента indoleamin 2,3-deoxygenase (IDO), которая продуцируется в основном дендритными клетками, в индукции которой участвует в основном IFNγ и функции которой состоят в индукции катаболизма незаменимой аминокислоты триптофана. Уже одно снижение уровня триптофана в околоклеточной среде обуславливает подавление ряда функ-ций клеток иммунной системы и индукцию регуляторных Т-клеток. Появление ряда катаболитов триптофана еще более усугубляет иммунодепрессивное состояние, индуцированное повышенной экспрессией IDO. Предполагается, что цепочка из IDO, триптофана и его катаболитов в значитель-ной степени определяет формирование гиперсупрессорного состояния при опухолевом росте и гипо-(или недостаточного) супрессорного состояния при аутоиммунных и аллергических заболеваниях. Отсюда вытекают и новые задачи в терапии: найти способы терапии, направленные на снижение ак-тивности фермента IDO, участвующего в индукции клеток-супрессоров при опухолевом росте, и в то же время направленные на стимуляцию активности данного фермента для повышения супрессорной активности регуляторных клеток. that the interactions between IDO, tryptophan and its catabolites largely determine a development of hypersuppressor state in tumor growth and a hypo-(or lack of) suppressor status in autoimmune and allergic diseases. This implies some novel tasks for the therapy, including a treatment aimed for reduction of the IDO activity since the latter is involved in suppressor cell induction during tumor growth. Respectively, stimulation of IDO activity may augment suppressor activity of the regulatory cells. Ключевые слова: иммунопатология, иммуносупрессия, триптофан, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, кинуренин TRYPTOPHAN AND INDOLEAMINE-2,3-DIOXYGENASE (IDO) IN PATHOGENESIS OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE CLINICAL CONDITIONS
Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the length of telomeres in the arms of individual chromosomes in patients with bronchial asthma (BA).Materials and methods. The study included patients with BA (n = 10, the mean age (44 ± 8.2) years) and healthy donors (n = 10, the mean age (44 ± 8.4) years). Metaphase spreads obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used. At the time of sampling BA patients received treatment at the Clinic of Immunopathology, Novosibirsk. BA was diagnosed by physicians according to GINA-2016. For measurement of telomere length on individual chromosome arms we used quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization with a PNA-probe specific for telomeres. We used inverted DAPI banding for chromosome identification (according to ISCN-2013). For each individual 5 metaphase cells were analyzed. We applied the newly developed MeTeLen software to estimate the telomere repeats quantity (http:// www.bionet.nsc.ru/en/development/application-development/development-of-a-computer/metelen.html) in metaphase images. For enhanced image analysis compared with the previously developed programs, we included estimation of background signal and correction of defects of the optical system.Results. Comparing of telomere length show, that telomeres in the certain chromosome arms (4q, 5q, 9p, 10 q, 11p, 13p, 15q, 18q, 19q) in BA are significantly shorter than in corresponding group of donors (p < 0.05, Mann – Whitney U-test). For both studied groups we also evaluated telomere sequences shortened and elongated relative to the average telomere length in the group (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon-signed-runk test). The following differences and similarities between the telomere profiles of patients and donors were determined: the telomere sequences 4p, 6q, 8p were elongated and 2q, 9q, 11p, 15q were shortened relative to the average telomere length in BA patients. Moreover, this telomere sequences did not differ from the average telomere length in the group of donors. At the same time, the telomere sequences 12p, 16p, 17p, 19p were significantly shorter, and 3p was longer than the average telomere length in both groups.Conclusions. We guess, that the observed significant shortening of telomere length on individual chromosome arms in BA, as compared to donors, is relevant in pathogenesis of this disorder. The revealed features of telomere profile of patients with BA may be a result of different telomere length maintenance mechanisms and may influence to the development of asthma that needs further study.
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