Experimental data on the synthesis of X ray amorphous spherical silica particles and their pre cipitation with the formation of a supramolecular ordered structure are presented. The influence of vari ous conditions of synthesis (temperature, pH, relation between components) on the sizes and morphology of silica particles formed has been shown. The data on the influence of particle precipitation rate and pH on the structure of supramolecular matrices formed have been obtained. An analysis of experimental data has made it possible to propose a hierarchical model of the formation of X ray amorphous spherical silica particles.

The nucleation of orthosilicic acid and the growth of colloidal silica particles in hydrothermal solutions are investigated. The results obtained are compared with the data on the formation of supramolecular matrices of precious opal. Ordered supramolecular structures are experimentally grown in a model solution through the precipitation of colloidal silica particles synthesized by hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane in an organic solvent. The type of packing of spherical particles in the supramolecular structure is studied as a function of the component concentration, particle size, and pH and temperature of the model solution. The experimental data can be used to reveal the mechanism of formation of precious opal and to design methods for preparing three-dimensional nanocomposites.

Óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî â óñëîâèÿõ, êîãäà îáðàçîâàíèå íàäìîëåêóëÿðíîé ñòðóêòóðû èç ñôåðè÷åñêèõ ÷àñòèö êðåìíåçåìà äèàìåòðîì 220-320 íì ëèìèòèðóåòñÿ ñêîðîñòüþ ïîñòóïëåíèÿ ÷àñòèö â çîíó ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ îñàäêà (ñåäèìåíòàöèîííîå îñàaeäåíèå â òðóáêå ïîñòîÿííîãî ñå÷åíèÿ), ñêîðîñòü îñàaeäåíèÿ ÷àñòèö, êàê è ñêîðîñòü îáðàçîâàíèÿ ñëàãàåìîé èìè íàä-ìîëåêóëÿðíîé ñòðóêòóðû, ñòðîãî ëèíåéíà.  òîaeå âðåìÿ, â óñëîâèÿõ èçáûòêà äèñïåðñíîé ôàçû â çîíå ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ íàä-ìîëåêóëÿðíîé ñòðóêòóðû (ñåäèìåíòàöèîííîå îñàaeäåíèå â òðóáêå ñ èçìåíåííûì ñå÷åíèåì) ñêîðîñòü îñàaeäåíèÿ òàêaeå ëèíåéíà è èìååòñÿ íåêîòîðàÿ çàäåðaeêà ïðîöåññà îáðàçîâàíèÿ íàäìîëåêóëÿðíîé ñòðóêòóðû âî âðåìåíè, òåì áîëüøàÿ, ÷åì ìåíüøå ðàçìåð ÷àñòèö äèñïåðñíîé ôàçû. Ïîñëå îêîí÷àíèÿ ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ íàäìîëåêóëÿðíîé ñòðóêòóðû íàä íåé îñòà-åòñÿ îáëàñòü ñ ïîâûøåííîé êîíöåíòðàöèåé äèñïåðñíîé ôàçû, âûñîòà êîòîðîé òåì áîëüøå, ÷åì ìåíüøå ðàçìåð ÷àñòèö.Ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî äëÿ íà÷àëà îáðàçîâàíèÿ íàäìîëåêóëÿðíîé óïîðÿäî÷åííîé ñòðóêòóðû íåîáõîäèìà îïðåäåëåííàÿ êîí-öåíòðàöèÿ äèñïåðñíîé ôàçû â äèñïåðñèîííîé ñðåäå, íèaeå êîòîðîé ýòîò ïðîöåññ íå ïðîèñõîäèò. Çíà÷åíèå êîíöåíòðà-öèè äèñïåðñíîé ôàçû, íåîáõîäèìîé äëÿ íà÷àëà îáðàçîâàíèÿ íàäìîëåêóëÿðíîé ñòðóêòóðû, ÿâëÿåòñÿ âåëè÷èíîé ïîñòî-ÿííîé, íå ìåíÿþùåéñÿ ñî âðåìåíåì è çàâèñèò òîëüêî îò ðàçìåðà ÷àñòèö. We have established that when the formation of supramolecular structures of spherical silica particles with a diameter of 220-320 nm is limited by the rate of entering of the particles into the zone of sediment formation (sediment deposition in a tube of constant cross section), the rate of particles deposition, as well as the rate of formation of the supramolecular structure, composed of them, are strictly linear. At the same time, in conditions of an excessive disperse phase in the zone of formation of the supramolecular structure (sediment deposition in a tube with a modified crosssection) the rate of deposition is also linear, but the process of formation of the supramolecular structure is delayed. The smaller the size of the disperse phase particles, the greater this delay. After the end of formation of the supramolecular structure, an area with increased concentration of the dispersed phase remains over it, which height the greater, the smaller is the particle size.We have showed that the beginning of the formation of a supramolecular structure requires a certain concentration of the disperse phase in the disperseenvironment, below which the formation of supramolecularly ordered structure does notoccur. The value of the concentration of the dispersed phase, required to start formation of a supramolecular structure, is a constant, not changing with time; and it depends only on particle size.Keywords: asupramolecular structure, supramolecular crystallization kinetics, monodisperse spherical silica particles, a noble opal. DOI: 10.19110/2221DOI: 10.19110/ -1381DOI: 10.19110/ -2016 Ââåäåíèå Èíòåðåñ ê íàäìîëåêóëÿðíî óïîðÿäî÷åííûì ñòðóêòó-ðàì íà îñíîâå ìîíîäèñïåðñíûõ ñôåðè÷åñêèõ ÷àñòèö êðåì-íåçåìà ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî âîçíèê îòíîñèòåëüíî äàâíî (åùå â 70-å ãîäû ïðîøëîãî...