Corrective lower limb osteotomies are innovative and efficient therapeutic procedures for restoring axial alignment and managing unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis. This review presents critical insights into the up-dated clinical knowledge on osteotomies for complex posttraumatic or congenital lower limb deformities with a focus on high tibial osteotomies, including a comprehensive overview of basic principles of osteotomy planning, biomechanical considerations of different implants for osteotomies and insights in specific bone deformity correction techniques. Emphasis is placed on complex cases of lower limb osteotomies associated with ligament and multiaxial instability including pediatric cases, computer-assisted navigation, external fixation for long bone deformity correction and return to sport after such osteotomies. Altogether, these advances in the experimental and clinical knowledge of complex lower limb osteotomies allow generating improved, adapted therapeutic regimens to treat congenital and acquired lower limb deformities.
The use of bidirectional knotless barbed sutures in TKA reduces the time of surgery, does not affect the volume of hidden blood loss or PPI occurrence.
A bstract The surgical technique of proximal tibial osteotomy for genu varum in adults has evolved from a procedure using closing wedges of estimated sizes with staple fixation in the 1960s to using standard trauma internal fixation implants and, more recently, to gradual correction with software-guided hexapod external fixators. In the last two decades, implant manufacturers have also produced anatomical implants specific for such corrective osteotomies. This study evaluates the limits of using such proprietary implants for proximal tibial osteotomy in genu varum. Materials and methods Scanograms (teleradiograms) of lower limbs of a patient were used to derive skiagrams (two-dimensional bony outlines of the extremities). From these, two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of varus deformities of the tibia with different values of mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA, from 85° to 40°) were created. An analysis of the created deformity was carried out and a simulation for surgical correction was performed using an open wedge high tibial osteotomy with fixation using a proprietary (Tomofix, Synthes) implant. In addition, a 3D simulation technique was used to check the accuracy of the results obtained from the 2D simulation. Results In cases of mMPTA ≥80° with localisation of the apex of varus deformity at the level of the knee joint line, the standard technique used with the proprietary medial tibial plate produces good results. In cases of mMPTA ≤70°, fixation of the osteotomised fragments by the proprietary medial plate is poor owing to the anatomical contours of the implant. In these cases, a different type of osteosynthesis is needed. In cases of mMPTA ≤70°, the distance between the lower edge of the bone plate and the medial surface of the tibia after a proximal tibial osteotomy exceeds 11 mm and will result in unacceptable soft tissue tension around the implant. Mechanical axis deviation to the Fujisawa point produces mMPTA values outside the reference range of normal values. Conclusion An osteotomy of the proximal tibia using a prescribed technique linked to a proprietary implant achieves good results only if performed within a certain range of deformity values. Pronounced varus deformities require a fundamentally different approach. This study reveals that surgeons undertaking corrective proximal tibial osteotomies for genu varum need to perform a comprehensive analysis of the deformity to allow for appropriate selection of patients. This will enable a consideration of the size and other characteristics of the deformity that will reduce the technical complications that may arise if the correction was performed using the recommended technique linked to a proprietary implant. How to cite this article Solomin LN, Chugaev DV, Filippova AV, e t a l. ...
Основную часть пациентов с последствиями переломов пяточной кости составляют люди трудоспособного возраста, но у таких больных часто имеется постоянно существующий многокомпонентный болевой синдром, не позволяющий им вернуться к трудовой деятельности. Цель данного исследования -в ходе анализа зарубежной и отечественной литературы, а также по данным клинического и рентгенологического обследования пациентов выявить спектр всех возможных источников болевого синдрома. Для анализа литературы по данной тематике было отобрано 79 иностранных публикаций, выпущенных в период с 1993 по 2017 г., а также 22 отечественные публикации за период с 2008 по 2017 г. Клиническая часть исследования представлена 22 пациентами, прооперированными в период с 2016 по 2017 г. в клинике РНИИТО им. Р.Р. Вредена. Среднее значение по ВАШ болевого синдрома у обследованной группы пациентов до оперативного лечения составил 6,5±0,3 (4-9) балла. В результате анализа литературы и клинических наблюдений сформирован перечень возможных источников болевого синдрома, а также выделены рекомендации по их дифференциальной диагностике, что позволит практикующим травматологам-ортопедам выбирать более эффективную тактику лечения пациентов рассматриваемого профиля. Ключевые слова: последствия переломов пяточной кости, задний отдел стопы, болевой синдром, импинджмент-синдром, сухожилия малоберцовых мышц, икроножный нерв. Переломы пяточной кости составляют 60-70% от переломов костей заднего и среднего отделов стопы и около 2% от всех переломов костей скелета [1]. Лечение таких переломов требует значительного опыта хирурга, индивидуально подобранной тактики лечения и полноценного оснащения, но даже при соблюдении всех требований риск возникновения осложнений остается достаточно высоким. При анализе 108 случаев
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