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The article presents data on the main stages of formation and development of the pathological anatomy department of Kazan (Imperial) University from department approval under the auspice of Professor A.V. Petrov in December, 1965 to its reorganization by merging of two departments - Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology in June, 2014. Data on the department heads for the 150-year history are summarized, the main directions of scientific research conducted under the department heads supervision are described. Particular consideration is given to the Kazan scientists-pathologists achievements and contribution in fundamental and practical pathological anatomy, related subjects, clinical practice, social sciences, students’ education and doctors of various specialties training. Joint General Pathology department faculty new challenges are identified, namely transition plan generation, educational process radical restructuring in order to optimize it according to modern requirements for the higher and postgraduate education system. Initiated and conducted measures in connection with the department reorganization in the framework of new General Pathology discipline allowing to preserve the pathological anatomy structural and organizational integrity as a basic science, which is also of great practical importance, are presented.

Diabetic foot ulcers are an extremely urgent medical and social problem throughout the world. The purpose of this study was to analyse the histological and immunohistochemical features of tissues and cells of different sections of wounds taken during the primary surgical treatment of chronic wounds in patients with diabetic foot syndrome with favourable and unfavourable outcomes. Material and methods. A clinical prospective observational study of the treatment outcomes of fifty-three patients with diabetic foot ulcers hospitalized twice in one specialized centre over the course of the year was conducted. The analysis of histological and immunohistochemical data of the tissues of the edges and the centre of the ulcer taken during the primary surgical treatment was performed. While performing histological analyses of wound tissues, special attention was given to the determination of cellular characteristics of leukocyte-necrotic masses, granulation tissue, and loose and dense connective tissue. Immunohistochemistry was performed using a set of monoclonal antibodies, allowing verification of neutrophilic leukocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Results. Unfavourable outcomes (amputation, reamputation, death from cardiovascular diseases, nonhealing ulcer within a year) were registered in 52.8% of cases. Uniform distribution of neutrophils and endothelial cell fibroblasts in all parts of the wound was recorded in patients with a favourable outcome. An unfavourable outcome was predetermined by the uneven content of these cells with a significant increase in neutrophilic leukocytosis in the bottom of the wounds, as well as a significant decrease in the number of fibroblasts and endotheliocytes in the centre of the wounds. Conclusions: The datasets obtained during primary surgical treatment are extremely informative to predict the outcome of the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers and indicate more active surgical strategies with the potential to reduce the treatment time, increase its effectiveness, and eventually make the treatment cost-effective.

A total of 153 regional lymph nodes obtained from 50 patients, operated for gastric, lung, breast, colonic and cervical cancers, were studied. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect different markers and enzymes (CD1, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD30, CD35, CD45, l light Ig chain, lysozyme (muramidase), a-1-antichymotrypsin, protein S100 and FVIIIR). Results indicate that failure of local immunity is explained by the followings: 1. decrease in the total number of T-cells (suppressors as well as helpers); 2. high number of B-cells, plasmoblasts and antibody-forming plasmocytes, know to be able to block the cytotoxic T cells; 3. decrease in the number of incoming free phagocytes of monocytic origin and reduction in the phagocytic activity of fixed macrophages (sinus histiocytes); 4. high functional activity of dendritic reticulum cells; 5. non-handled stimulation 6. reduction in area of postcapillary venules and impairment of lymphocyte recirculation through them.

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