SUMMARY: Diliara Usmanova poses a question whether the framework of national history captures vicissitudes of historical experience of Tatars in the Russian empire and Soviet Union. The author also surveys history of the construction of the past that had gradually shifted from a narrative of a Muslim religious community to the one of national community (Tatars). Usmanova points to the fact that the “father-founders” of Tatar national history at the beginning of the 20 th century came out from the Muslim intellectual milieu and educational network and yet they represented a shift from a religious to a more secular and ethno-centric perspective in imagining history of the Volga region population. Usmanova observes that the first stage in the formation of the canon Tatar national history was represented by the recovery of history of ancient states that had existed in the Volga region (including history of the Golden Horde). In an effort that was both a scholarly pursuit and a political action, Tatar intellectuals created a continuous narrative of Tatar history, which stressed the ancient roots of the nation and imagined an integral Tatar nation with the inclusion of Mishari, Kriashcheny, Teptiari and other diaspora and ethnic groups. Usmanova emphasizes the fact that the construction of ancient history for the Tatar national narrative did not preclude a heated debate over the key concepts that were to capture the Tatar national identity. The author argues that at the beginning of the 20 th century the concept of Tatar nationhood was no longer religious but neither was it ethnically exclusive: the concept of the Tatar people was supplemented with the notion of Turkic community. Usmanova then surveys the development of the Tatar national history narrative in the Soviet period and through the post Soviet years, describing a crystallization of the Tatar national identity on the one hand and the persistent ambiguity of historical definitions of the Volga Tatars’ nationhood (Bulgar-Tatar debate), on the other.

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The article analyzes the influence of the European parliamentary experience on the process of formation of Russian parliamentarism and development of parliamentary rhetorical practices in late imperial Russia. Particular attention is paid to parliamentary rhetoric. In addition to the political context and the acuteness of certain public problems, it was greatly influenced by the nature of the meeting room in the Tauride Palace, the order of the sessions, and the professional skills of the speaker and the members of the presidium. Russian liberals, who were considered students of their “Western teachers”, acted as translators of European political experience in the first place. The channels for the spread of Western influence can be seen in the experience of Russians in Europe during their student years, during short private visits, or on official business. Books and the mass publication of translated literature on oratory were also of great importance in the transfer of rhetorical experience. In addition to considering the main channels for the transfer of Western parliamentary traditions, it is also important to analyze how the influence of European parliamentary practices was evaluated and interpreted by different political forces both inside and outside the Tauride Palace, especially during political debates.

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диляра усМаноВа, дина Мустафина Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университетТрадиции восточной археографии в Казани и Казанском университетеСтатья посвящена истории становления и развития восточной археографии в Казани, направленной на выявление, сбор и изучение ориентальных арабогра-фических рукописей. Показано, что археографические исследования, имеющие более чем двухсотлетнюю традицию, во многом были обусловлены зарожде-нием в Казанском университете научного востоковедения, получившего мощ-ный импульс благодаря собирательской деятельности преподавателей "Разряда восточной словесности", а также татарских просветителей и интеллектуалов. Авторы более подробно рассмотрели качественно новый этап в развитии архео-графической работы, наступивший в 60-х гг. ХХ в. после организации регуляр-ных археографических экспедиций, приведших к весомому росту количества рукописей и старопечатных книг в фондах Научной библиотеки Казанского уни-верситета. Логическим продолжением работы археографических экспедиций стало создание специальной Археографической лаборатории, ориентированной на расширение камеральных изысканий, составление справочных изданий, би-блиографических указателей и подготовку уникальных рукописных текстов к печати. Авторы статьи также очертили перспективы развития восточной архео-графии в Казанском университете.Ключевые слова: Казань, восточная археография, арабографические руко-писи, археографические экспедиции, Археографическая лаборатория Казанско-го университета.