No abstract

This paper analyzes a series of terms -"concept", "notion", "meaning", which are closely related to each other and constantly interact in modern linguistics. The applicability of this work is apparent, since its matter is characterized by a certain terminological ambiguity. Distinction of these terms is necessary to ascertain their roles in the acquisition, comprehension and expression of knowledge about the real world.The article reviews the main theoretic issues of cognitive and cultural linguistics and reviews the Russian and foreign literature on the subject of the study. Researchers observe both unifying and distinctive characteristics of these concepts. The author's opinion is that "lexical meaning", "notion" and "concept" are different terms. They are interrelated, but not equivalent. It seems reasonable that they belong to similar categories of thinking but are taken in different systems of relationships.The article is addressed to linguists, lecturers of linguistic disciplines, postgraduates and students of relevant specialties.

Божко Л.М. доктор экономических наук ФГБОУ ВО «Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I» Андрианова Л.П. доктор технических наук ФГБОУ ВО «Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет» Ершова Л.В. доктор педагогических наук ФГБОУ ВО «Ивановский государственный университет» Кулеш А.И. доктор филологических наук Белорусский государственный университет

In the epoch of intercultural communication, professional foreign language proficiency and a high level of communicants' competence are of great significance. One of the aspects of communicative competence is the possession of skills of speech etiquette formulae application.In the present paper, the author compares some etiquette forms in English, Russian, and Tatar and discusses the use of etiquette formulae expressed in words and phrases corresponding to different communicative situations. The author came to the conclusion that despite the fact that communicative situations are universal, people's verbal behavior is characterized by national and cultural peculiarities. The choice of etiquette formulae may be conditioned by factors of demographic nature, contextual details, exact words of the actual conversations, habits, traditions, etc. The main communicative and relevant features of the Russian and Tatar languages are special attention and interest in the interlocutor, broad awareness, sincerity, and excessive curiosity. Relevant property of the English communication is individualism, non-interference to others' affairs, observance of privacy, positiveness, and phatic communication. British verbosity is merely a politeness strategy, that is, a demonstration of respect and attention to others, sincerity is not a necessary condition there. The choice of Tatar etiquette words and expressions in speech situations depends on the influence of religion and religious beliefs.

Linguistic modality as one of the key categories that connect sentences (statements) with extralinguistic reality and realize its communicative potential, is characterized by active interest of researchers and according to G. V. Bondarko "is steadily maintained as a recognized subject of debate". The interest in this category has increased notably in recent decades, when the functional approach firmly established in linguistics and the consistent attention to the human factor as an important extra-linguistic component of language change is clearly evident. The study of the categories of modality are the subject of many linguistic works the best known are the works of V. V. Vinogradov, Sh. Bally, V. G. Admoni, G. A. Zolotova, G. V. Olshanskii, G. V. Bondarko, N. Yu.Shvedov, N. E. Belyaeva, S. S. Vaulina, G. A. German, N. E. Petrova, L. S. Ermolaeva, V. Z. Panfilov, N. K. Dmitrieva, Coates[1-4], Halliday [5], Hockett [6] etc. V. V. Vinogradov is considered to be the founder of the theory of modality, his contribution in this issue, it is still very important for linguists. After V. V. Vinogradov, we understand modality as the ratio of the content of the narrative to reality (reported to its real implementation) from the point of view of the speaker. Our appeal to semantically capacious and used in various speech situations and with different purposes Russian proverbs is reasonable. The studied units, being stable and reproducible in speech by synthesis polyfunctional sayings, represent the secondary linguistic signs (closed steady phrase), are markers of the situations or relations between the realities, and also have an integral-semantic, expressive-shaped structures. This article describes the construction with the infinitive in the role of predicative centre on the example of Russian proverbs and sayings, the issue is due to insufficient knowledge of proverbs and sayings as means of verbal representation of the expression with a hint of undesirability