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is a perennial leguminous plant well-known as the queen of forages cultivated all over the world. The general biology and morphology of the plant has been described in detail. The typical inflorescence of the plant is raceme. Due to the multistep inbreeding process in this cross-pollinated species, different mutant forms have been found in inbred progenies. They include long racemes, panicle-like racemes (with fertile and sterile flowers), complicated branched racemes, and fasciated inflorescences. The fasciation trait was discovered first in long racemes and then it was introduced into every mutant inflorescence type by hand pollination. By means of pair hybridization, transitional forms of some mutants were isolated and the new mutant forms combined two or three mutant genes. New gene names are proposed for new duplex and triplex mutant types: lpfas, pi1lpfas, brilpfas. Medicago truncatula is a conventional model species for legume genome research. M. truncatula and alfalfa share highly conserved nucleotide sequences and exhibit nearly perfect synteny between the two genomes. The knowledge about inflorescence development in model M. truncatula plants adds to understanding the genetic nature of mutant inflorescence development in alfalfa; therefore, we compiled the information on the genetic regulation of inflorescence development in M. truncatula. The M. truncatula mutant mtpim has a complicated inflorescence structure resembling panicle-like inflorescence in alfalfa. Presently, it is known that the inflorescence architecture in M. truncatula is controlled by spatiotemporal expression of MtTFL1, MtFULc, MtAP1, and SGL1 through reciprocal repression. Some mutants isolated in M. truncatula resemble alfalfa mutants in phenotype. The mutant generated by retrotransposon insertion mutagenesis and named sgl1-1 has a cauli flower-like phenotype looking just like the cauli flower mutant in alfalfa. New data concerning genes regulating inflorescence development in model legumes approach us to understanding the phenomenon of inflorescence mutations in alfalfa. The information of inflorescence mutants in nonmodel crops may augment our knowledge of plant development and help crop improvement.

Background. Guar or clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) is an annual leguminous plant cultivated for feed, food and industrial purposes. Its seed endosperm is used to extract guar gum, so the guar genetic resources stored in the VIR collection are of strategic importance for the import substitution policy in Russia in the context of their prospective introduction into cultivation in the country’s southern areas. Most of the guar accessions had been preserved by VIR for 40 years or more, so the task was to assess their germination rates and restore their viability. In the process of screening, seed quality parameters of the accessions were examined and analyzed.Materials and methods. VIR’s collection of C. tetragonoloba, initiated by N. I. Vavilov, now contains 111 accessions. Percentage seed viability, germination energy and seed hardness were evaluated in the Long-Term Storage Laboratory for 50 accessions reproduced in 2018 and for 263 older reproductions of 89 guar accessions. In total, 313 seed samples reproduced across 18 different years were analyzed. Statistica 10 software was used to perform a single-factor analysis of variance and find out how germination energy, seed viability and seed hardness correlated with the age of seeds, mean monthly temperature and mean rainfall during the growing season.Results and discussion. After more than 40 years of storage, the guar accessions did not entirely lost their viability under laboratory and field conditions. Very high positive correlations were found for their percentage viability and germination energy with the mean monthly temperature in the year of reproduction. A weak positive correlation was observed between seed hardness and the year of reproduction. Correlations between seed viability and rainfall during the growing season were weak, with a weak negative correlation between seed hardness and rainfall. The viability level of 30-year-old seeds was 50%, so guar may be regarded as belonging to the group of macrobiotic plants.

Мискантус сахароцветный (Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Benth. et Hook. f. ex Franch.)один из самых перспективных видов, биомасса которого пригодна для производства биотоплива. Однако его широкое использование для этих целей серьёзно осложнено, во-первых, требовательностью этого вида к теплу и влаге, а во-вторых, недостаточной изученностью его биологии. По результатам собственных экспедиционных исследований и литературным данным были проанализированы климатические параметры и выявлены основные факторы, ограничивающие перспективность выращивания мискантуса сахароцветного. Установлено, что в условиях его естественного произрастания значения гидротермического коэффициента (ГТК) за вегетационный период варьируют от 1,49 до 2,9, сумма эффективных температур >10°C-от 1248,9 до 2493,1°С, количество среднемноголетней суммарной солнечной радиации-от 97,5 до 115 ккал/см 2. На основании полученных данных построена карта потенциальных областей промышленного культивирования M. sacchariflorus на территории России, из которой видно, что для культивирования мискантуса сахароцветного пригодна не только область естественного произрастания вида на Дальнем Востоке, но и горные районы Северного Кавказа, а также отдельные районы юга Сибири и Европейской части России. Ключевые слова: биоэнергетические культуры, Miscanthus saccahiflorus, потенциальная область культивирования, факторы среды.

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