The paper discusses the status of the formant z-, represented in the vocabulary of Arkhangelsk dialects of Russian. It mostly occurs on verbs, less often on words of other parts of speech. Consideration of its status concerns several aspects, such as phonetic position, semantics, correlation with synonymous prefixes, and area of usage. The formant z- in Arkhangelsk dialects is used both before obstruents and sonorants and /v-vʲ/. In the process of functioning, it moves from phonetics to morphemics, expanding the range of its meanings and, as a result, acquiring the capability to be used analogically to the prefixes vz-, za-, iz-, s-. The correlation between the semantics of z- and vz- is explained by the phonetic simplifi cation of [vz] before a consonant, whereby the resulting z- inherits all the meanings of vz-. In turn, the prefixes vz-, iz-, za-, s- show semantic commonalities, and this explains the possibility of formations with z- synonymous not only to formations with vz-, but also with iz-, za-, s- in the following meanings: ‘committing an action, bringing an action to the desired limit, result’ — a meaning common with the prefixes vz-, iz-, za-, s-; ‘upward direction of an action or movement’ — a meaning common with the prefixes vz-, za-; ‘starting an action’ — a meaning common with the prefixes vz-, za-; ‘performing a single action’ — a meaning common with the prefix vz-. Thus, the formant z- receives the status of a prefix, synonymous in all meanings to the prefix vz- and partly synonymous to the prefixes iz-, za-, s-. The conclusions about the genesis of the prefix z-, based on the analysis of the material of the Arkhangelsk dialects, are confirmed by the data of dictionaries of other Russian dialects, including those that are not in direct contact with the Belarusian and Ukrainian languages. The results of the study correlate with the problem of the general arealogy of Slavic dialects, aimed at revealing the relations between different languages, which represent their comparability.
Исследование выполнено в рамках научно-исследовательской работы «Развитие и морфофункциональное состояние органов и тканей экспериментальных животных и человека в норме, в онтогенезе, под воздействием внешних факторов» (номер государственной регистрации 0111U009598). Резюме. При изолированном введении ацетата свинца выявлена его кардиотоксичность: уменьшение толщины компактного миокарда стенки желудочков, истончение отделов межжелудочковой перегородки, образование дополнительных аномальных сухожильных струн предсердно-желудочковых клапанов. Комбинированное введении ацетата свинца и цитрата золота или цитрата серебра снижает кардиотоксичность ацетата свинца и восстанавливает толщину миокарда сердца эмбриона. Комбинированное введение цитратов золота или серебра предупреждает негативное влияние ацетата свинца на кардиогенез. Morphologia.-2015.-Т. 9, № 1.-С. 78-81. © Е.А.Нефедова, 2015 Nefedova E.A. Bioantagonistic action of silver citrate and gold citrate to the cardiotoxicity of lead acetate in rat embryos. ABSTRACT. Background. Pressing problem for the industrial regions of Ukraine are heavy metal pollution, with priority toxicants which is lead and its compounds. Search for new bioantogonism possible lead compounds-a task relevant (important) to modern medicine. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the experimental morphogenetic effects of patterns of isolated impact of lead acetate and lead acetate combined action of gold citrate and silver citrate to heart development of the embryos of rats. Methods. The study conducted on embryos of white rats. In the experiment, there were 4 groups of animals: control group isolated administration of lead acetate group and the combined administration of lead acetate and gold citrate and silver citrate. Results. Experimental results showed cardiotoxicity of lead acetate, which was determined to reduce the thickness of the compact myocardium wall ventricle of the heart, reducing thickness fibrillation, ventricular septal thinning. Violation of delamination processes and ventricular myocardium compaction under the influence isolated lead acetate manifest violation of the trabecular layer formation and the formation of ventricular myocardium atrioventricular valve holes: shortening valves, change the content and scope of the atrioventricular valves accompanied by the formation of additional anomalous tendon strings. The influence on the course of cardiogenesis in groups with combined effects of lead acetate and citrate gold and silver citrate showed recovery of myocardial thickness and ventricular fibrillation, no violations in the formation of valvular heart rat embryos, indicating a decrease in cardiac toxicity of lead acetate citrate metals during combined administration. Conclusion. Introduction citrate solutions of gold, silver citrate prevents the negative effect of lead acetate on the general course of processes of cardiogenesis of embryos of rats under experimental conditions and indicates their bioantagonism. The most pronounced bioantagonism to lead acetate ...
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