The article discusses the economic prerequisites for the effective growth of Islamic finance in modern conditions, analyzes the existing definitions of Islamic finance and banking and financial technologies, which served as the basis for the formation of a new definition of digital Islamic banking.

No abstract

One of the main trends in the development of the financial sector around the world is digitalization. The purpose of this study is to analyze the interdependence between the level of digitalization and the key performance indicators of commercial banks, as well as the prospects for further development of digital technologies and their implementation in the activities of commercial banks. Based on the analysis of statistical data, it was confirmed that the digitalization of the Russian banking sector has significant potential. A correlation analysis of the data of 100 Russian commercial banks for 2021, grouped by assets, was performed. The presence of the influence of the level of digitalization on the individuals’ transactions and on the net commission income was confirmed. Hypotheses about the existence of a close relationship between the level of digitalization and the volume of transactions with legal entities, as well as profitability, have not been confirmed. According to the results of the study, it was noted that digitalization currently has the greatest impact on large Russian banks. It was concluded that currently, for the largest and big banks, a high level of digital maturity is a competitive advantage. This research contributes to the development of the theory of modern banking. The results obtained will be useful for researchers of the impact of digitalization on various aspects of banks’ activities, for banks, and for public authorities.

Cholelithiasis (cholelithiasis) has become increasingly common in childhood. Currently, the features of the clinical course have been studied, the criteria for the diagnosis and prevention of cholelithiasis in children have been worked out. However, the features of metabolic disorders are still not studied, among which not the least role in the genesis of the formation of gallstones is played not only by the exchange of lipids, but also carbohydrates.The main role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism is played by insulin. The process of production of insulin in the body in the blood serum fully reflects the concentration of C-peptide. The ratio between insulin and C-peptide is not always constant. It may shift in one direction or another against the background of diseases of the internal organs, including the GI tract.The analysis for C-peptide and insulin allows you to identify not only hypo — or hyperglycemia, but also to determine insulin resistance, calculate the HOMA index and, accordingly, make a forecast for the development of dyslipidemia. In this regard, it was of interest to study the state of carbohydrate metabolism (glucose, insulin, C-peptide) in children with cholelithiasis.The purpose of the study. To improve the early diagnosis of the complicated course of cholelithiasis by studying the features of carbohydrate metabolism for practicing therapeutic tactics and preventive measures.Materials and methods. Under our supervision at the Department of Pediatrics infectious diseases, faculty of postgraduate education of physicians of the Russian national research medical University of Minzdrav of Russia (head.DEP. — M. D., Professor L. A. Kharitonov), city children’s polyclinic № 122 (chief doctor — PhD Bragin A. I.) were 140 children aged from birth to 15 years. Carbohydrate metabolism was studied in 140 children of the study group. Boys were 62, average age 10.0±4.9, girls were 78, average age 8.8±4.5. The parameters of serum glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were evaluated. The Homeostatic Model Assessment (NOMA) Insulin resistance Index will be calculated using the formula: NOMA-IR = (fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) x fasting serum insulin (mkED / ml))/22.5 (Cuartero B., 2007). The physical development of children was evaluated according to WHO standards (2006) using the WHO Anthro Plus program (2009). We evaluated the values of the average values of body weight(MT), height (body length, DT) and body mass index (BMI) in five groups of newborns. The nutritional status was determined by the values of the Z-score value. Mathematical calculation of the results was carried out on a personal IBM — compatible computer using the statistical program Statistica 6.0.Results. In children with GI, there was a tendency to increase the NOME index, both in frequency and in absolute terms, from the age of 8 and persisted until the age of 15(0,65±0,14;0,42±0,04; 4,89±1,12; 4,86±0,44; according to the age periods, p< 0.005).Conclusion. Thus, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in children with GI depend on the child’s age and body weight. In overweight children, an increase in C-peptide, insulin, and the resistance index was observed, which suggests that children with GI occurring against the background of overweight at the age of 8–11 and 12–15 years are threatened by the formation of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension.

Objective. Increasing survival in patients with secondary brain damage, and identifying the factors of favorable and adverse prognosis. Material and method. In P. A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute Резюме: Цель. Увеличение выживаемости больных с вторичным поражением головного мозга, а также выявление факторов благоприятного и негативного прогноза. Материалы и методы. В ФГБУ МНИОИ им. П. А. Герцена Минздрава России с 2007 по 2013 гг было пролечено 268 больных с метастазами в головном мозге. Средний возраст составлял 55,8 лет (от 24 до 81 года). Метастазы колоректального рака выявлены в 7,8% случаев, рака лёгкого в 34%, меланомы кожи в 9,3%, рака молочной железы в 26%, рака почки в 11%, без выявленного первичного очага в 4,5%, на другие опухоли приходилось 6,7%. Солитарный метастаз диагностирован у 164 (61,19%) пациента, олигометастазы (2-3)-у 72 (26,87%) больных, множественные метастазы (более 3)-у 32 (11,94%) больных. У 106 (39,55%) больных метастатическое поражение головного мозга было единственным проявлением генерализации процесса. С целью контроля радикальности удаления опухоли у 93 (34,7%) больных использовался метод флуоресцентной навигации (ФД) с препаратом Аласенс. У 66 (24,6%) больных интраоперационно проводился сеанс фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ). В 212 (79,1%) случаях удаление метастаза выполнено тотально, у 55 (20,9%) больных констатировано субтотальное удаление. Результаты. Период наблюдения за больными составил от 3 до 79 месяцев. Медиана выживаемости среди всей группы больных с метастатическим поражением головного мозга составила 12 месяцев. Общая выживаемость достоверно зависела от RPA класса, объёма проведённого послеоперационного лечения, гистологического типа первичной опухоли, количества внутримозговых метастазов и сроках безрецидивного периода. Выводы. Факторами, влияющими на общую выживаемость являются особенности гистологии первичного очага, множественность метастатического поражения, RPA класс и синхронный характер метастазирования. Медиана общей выживаемости больных, не получавших после хирургического лечения иного вида терапии, составила всего 4 месяца. При использовании комбинированного лечения (хирургическое лечение с облучением всего головного мозга) медиана выживаемости составляла 9-10,5 месяцев (в зависимости от метода облучения). При применении лекарственного лечения медиана общей выживаемости составила 11 месяцев. При комплексном лечении показатели выживаемости были наиболее высокими-12 месяцев.