ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЙ ПРЕПАРАТ дЛя СПЕцИфИчЕСКоЙ ПРофИЛАКТИКИ ТУЛяРЕМИИ ФКУЗ «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб», Саратов, Российская ФедерацияСконструирован экспериментальный препарат прототипной химической туляремийной вакцины (ПХТВ). В состав ПХТВ входит протективный антигенный комплекс (ПАК) туляремийного микроба и белок S-слоя (Slp) чумного микроба. Определено оптимальное соотношение компонентов и схема введения препарата. Представлены результаты испытаний его физико-химических свойств, реактогенности, специфической активности и влияния на иммунную систему лабораторных животных. Установлено, что препарат прототипа химической туляремийной вакцины не токсичен для белых мышей и морских свинок и не оказывает повреждающего действия на их иммунную систему. Однократная подкожная иммунизация лабораторных животных препаратом ПХТВ вызывает формирование напряженного адаптивного иммунитета к 14-21-м суткам: выработку специфических антител и стимуляцию клеточного звена иммунитета. Индекс защиты препарата ПХТВ для белых мышей при экспериментальной туляремии, вызванной Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica, составил в среднем 87,5 %, при инфицировании F. tularensis subsp. nearctica -50 %, с высокой напряженностью иммунитета в обоих случаях. На модели морских свинок была подтверждена высокая эффективность экспериментального препарата против туляремии голарктического подвида (индекс защиты 75 %) и длительность напряженного иммунитета. Ключевые слова: Francisella tularensis, антиген, химические вакцины.Designed is an experimental preparation of a prototype chemical tularemia vaccine (PCTV). It is composed of protective antigenic complex (PAC) of tularemia microbe and S-layer protein (Slp) of plague microbe. Determined is optimum ratio of these components in the preparation and schedule of its administration. Displayed are the results of its testing as regards physical-chemical properties, reactogenicity, specific activity and impact on the immune system of laboratory animals. It is found out that preparation of the prototype is non-toxic for white mice and Guinea pigs and has no damaging effect on their immune systems. Single-stage subcutaneous immunization with PCTV induces elaboration of high-level adaptive immunity in laboratory animals within 14-21 days: specific antibody generation and stimulation of immune system cell component. PCTV protective index for white mice in case of experimental tularemia, caused by Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica, is 87,5 % on average; in case of infecting with F. tularensis subsp. nearctica -50 %; and high-level immunity in both cases. High potency of the experimental preparation against tularemia caused by subsp. holarctica (protective index is 75 %) and high-grade immunity persistence is verified on the model of Guinea pigs too.
Carried out are the studies of preparations of Francisella tularensis antigen complexes, obtained from the producer strains of different subspecies (holarctica, nearctica, mediasiatica, novicida). It is discovered that the outer-membrane (OM) antigen complex is a common antigen of Francisella tularensis regardless of its sub-specific origin. Antigen complexes isolated from strains of holarctica, nearctica, and mediasiatica subspecies have similar chemical and subunit composition, and immunobiological properties. Peculiarities of composition of F. tularensis subsp. novicida OM-antigen complex lead to the decrease of its immunogenicity and protective capability in comparison with analogous antigens of other subspecies.
Assessment of immunogenicity and biological safety of protective antigen preparation obtained from asporogenic recombinant producer, B. anthracis 55ΔTPA-1(Spo-), is made on the mice (BALB/c species) and Guiney pigs models. It is shown that the development of adaptive immunity in the inoculated with purified protein laboratory animals is characterized by high titers of specific antibodies. Double immunization of biological models with antigen preparation confers protection from B. anthracis infection, commensurable with protective capacity of the live anthrax vaccine. Obtained are the data confirming the possibility to reduce the injected doze of the vaccine strain in case of subsequent single immunization with protective antigen. It is determined that recombinant protective antigen shows no sign of reactogenicity and does not damage thymocytes and splenocytes in laboratory animals when administered for immunization.
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