The analysis of data on alimentary-dependent diseases among persons of the working age in the Republic of Tatarstan testifies to their steady growth. The proportion of deaths from diseases in the etiology of which nutrition plays a significant role over the period 2005-2015 was 77.9%. We have identified the main trend of eating behavior in each age group: high protein intake (in 75% of men and 81% of women) and fat (in 59% of women and 67% of men). A normal range of the body mass index (20.0-24.9), was noted in 44.3% of women and 44.7% of men. About 38% of the surveyed men and more than 2/3 of women (63.2%) do not have additional physical activity. As a result of the irrational eating behavior and low physical activity, the number of overweight men increased by 17.5% during the studied period. Only 20% of residents of the Republic of Tatarstan can be considered rational.

The paper presents data on the hygienic assessment of the content of heavy metals and petroleum products in the soil on the territory of oil-producing areas of the Republic of Tatarstan. The average total content of lead (10,1 mg/kg), cadmium (0.073 mg/kg), manganese (792.4 mg/kg), cobalt (14.2 mg/kg), chromium (87.6 mg/kg), nickel (65.2 mg/ kg), arsenic (8.0 mg/kg), copper (36.6 mg/kg) and zinc (521 mg/kg) in soil for agricultural purposes near objects oil production was shown not to exceed the established hygienic standards. Soil contamination with oil products leads to an increase in its toxicity and mutagenicity. Soil contamination with oil products at the level of as low as 30 mg/ kg leads to the gain in its toxicity (low toxicity) and mutagenicity (average) (specific gravity of germinated seeds was 70.7±0.67%, aberrations - 1.78±0.19%).

Abstract. The article presents the results of a study whose aim was to assess the prevalence of maladaptive eating behavior (MEB) among students of a sports university. Materials and methods: a survey was conducted among 768 students of the Volga region GUFKSiT using the "Eating Behavior Assessment Scale" (EBAS). Results. It has been established that only 41.11.78% of students of a sports university have no signs of MEB. The presence of deviations according to the subscales of the EBAS was revealed in 72.94.54% of wrestlers, 55.03.2% of sports games athletes, 57.84.59% of complex coordination sports athletes and 55.84, 23% athletes of cyclic sports and 59.43.71% of non-athletes. Conclusions. The use of EBAS made it possible to identify not only the clinical signs of MEB in students of a sports university, but also the psychological characteristics and behavioral stereotypes characteristic of people with MEB. Complex coordination sports athletes and wrestlers - a group of special risk for the development of MEB. Among athletes of team sports, as well as boys and girls of non-athletes, clinical symptoms of MEB are less common, but psychological characteristics and behavioral stereotypes typical of people with MEB are more often detected, which can be considered as a high predisposition to the development of MEB. EBAS can be used as a screening method for determining MEB at the prenosological stage, to identify groups of students at particular risk and develop targeted preventive measures, taking into account gender characteristics and the specifics of students' sports activities.

The review presents up-to-date information on the health effects of ambient fine particulate matter, obtained in large cohort epidemiological studies, as well as in meta-analysis of pooled data. In addition, it summarizes the current data on the potential pathological mechanisms and existing monitoring systems. The literature search used the Scopus, PubMed, Russian Science Citation Index databases for 19902020. The results of epidemiological studies carried out in different countries indicate that fine particles in ambient air pose a serious threat to health. Scientific publications assessing the health impact of particulate matter show a wide range of adverse effects from the increasing incidence of upper and lower respiratory tract diseases, including exacerbations of bronchial asthma, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to a high incidence of myocardial infarction, strokes, diabetes mellitus type 2, as well as an increase in overall mortality from natural causes, mainly mortality from respiratory diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, lung cancer. The effects of short-term exposures are described in more detail, while the effects of long-term exposure to fine particles are not well understood. Potential mechanisms of the harmful effects of fine particulate matter include oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, disorders of autonomic regulation and heart rhythm, fine particles translocation through the alveolar barrier into the vascular bed with endothelial damage and thrombus formation, and genotoxicity. Ambient fine particulate matter is a manageable risk factor, and reductions in air pollution will have a significant impact on public health outcomes.

The article presents an overview of hygienic risk factors that affect the health of athletes. There were analyzed and ranked main risk factors for the health of athletes associated with physical culture and sports activities in 25 sports. During the research, 223 trainers were interviewed. As a result of the analysis, hygienic risk factors were concluded t0 be associated with microclimatic and other conditions in training and competition in halls/sports facilities are most often observed in cyclical sports (75.6%), sports games (63.3%), complex coordination sports (59.7%). Hygienic risk factors associated with compliance with personal hygiene, diet and drinking regimens are encountered in recreational sports (46.7%), martial arts (19.1%) and sports games (18.1%). Hygienic risk factors associated with sports equipment and inventory are more typical for recreational sports (40%), martial arts (32.8%) and hard-coordinated sports (28.6%).