This research contributes to the study of colour terms as a cognitive phenomenon. Since colour is not a universal concept and an ordinary mind does not perceive colour separately from the object, it is possible to observe the knowledge about colour, which exists in the lan­guage but does not exist in its physical sense. We hold that the given knowledge is the cause of significant difficulties arising in the translation of various colour terms, though the nature of these terms existence should not be complex in its essence, being a basic phenomenon of the natural world. Moreover, certain ambiguity rises when reference points of colour do not coin­cide with the indirect naming of colours and shades in different languages. Different pairs of languages apparently set their individual spectrum of translation difficulties. We characterise some typical colour-related English into Russian translation difficulties which arise at the cognitive level.

The article examines the function of figurative language in Dickens’s novels in the light of its specific dialogism. Dickens’s dialogism mentioned by M. Bakhtin manifests itself through the so-called double voicing and socio-ideological heteroglossia. It also continues in the form of a dialogue between the author and the reader. The second type of the dialogue includes the first one. The essay explores the hitherto understudied influence of Dickens’s communicative urge for the continuous contact with his reader in his fiction, including its discursive aspects. My research is an attempt to converge these two approaches as I trace the interdependence and the process of transition between the dialogue that develops in the frame of the voice orientation and the dialogue between the author and reader that leads Dickens to extensive dialogism. The analysis shows that the figurative discourse implements two functions: it intensifies heteroglossia and at the same time clarifies the author’s intention and also organizes the space of the author’s and reader’s communication, appealing to the reader to emotionally engage in the process. Figurative and emotional force of Dickens’s language is a means to strengthen the dialogical discourse and to multiply its forms.

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The article reveals the essence and necessity of using public-private partnership as an optimal mechanism for interaction between the authorities and business entities, examines the features that distinguish it from other forms of interaction between the state and the private sector, analyzes key aspects, models and main criteria and aspects of the economic content of public-private partnership.