Relevance. Against the background of epidemiological well-being for diphtheria infection, the formation of the optimal structure of the population post-vaccination antitoxic immunity remains an urgent problem. Aims. The review is devoted to anti-toxic antidiphtheria immunity and the possibility to form the optimal structure of post-vaccination anti-toxic population immunity using the small booster doses of anatoxin. Results. Special attention is paid to the formation of antitoxic population immunity in a natural way during the pre-vaccination period. It is proposed to pay attention to the immunosuppressive characteristics of anatoxin and the immune response to booster its small doses. Natural decrease in the concentration indicators of post-vaccination antitoxic IgG in the blood of adults has been demonstrated. A mathematical analysis of determining the structure of post-vaccination population immunity in all age groups of the population is proposed. Conclusions. The small booster personalized doses of anatoxin in adolescents and adults will contribute to the creation of optimal population anti-diphtheria protection of these age groups of the population.