The Middle Palaeolithic site Betovo was discovered in the early 1970s by L.M. Tarasov, who summarized data on paleoecology and habitat conditions on this site in a number of publications. However, the stratigraphic position of the deposits containing the cultural layer remained rather uncertain due to the fact that in the sections of the site it was not possible to identify the reference loess-soil horizons and data on the age of the cultural layer were not obtained. A comprehensive study of the site, renewed since 2007 under the direction of archaeologist A. K. Ocherednoi in the frame of the Verkhnyaya Desna expedition of the Institute for the History of Material Culture RAS, permit to detail the deposition rhythmic during the Late Pleistocene and the stratigraphic position of the cultural layers in different parts of the site. By received 14 C data, the site was inhabited in the range of 28.5–36.0 cal kyr BP (calibrated dates), i.e., belongs to the end of the Valdai megainterstadial (the end of MIS 3). The small mammal fauna found in the 2 cultural layer of the Betovo site includes only the tundra and steppe species. The forest species are absent. The species richness of the Betovo fauna is very low, what also indicates the very severe climate during the end of MIS 3 in the Desna River basin. The received mammalian data clearly indicate the extremely harsh natural-climatic conditions of the time of habitation of the ancient man in the site – the conditions of tundra-steppe (“mammoth steppe”).

The article considers the necessity and importance of the issue concerning the classification of legal systems, which is caused by the following. The idea of classification of legal systems arose in comparative law at the beginning of the XX century in connection with the increase in national legal systems; with the destruction of the colonial system, the legal systems of the liberated countries arose and developed; and at the end of the XX century, this trend continues with the destruction of the socialist political system, which entails the appearance of new legal systems on the legal map of the world. It is also necessary not only to study it from the point of view of the special, consideration of individual parts that incorporate similar legal systems, but also to solve the problem in practice-the unification of current legislation and the improvement of national legal systems.

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