It is well known that the similar universal behavior of infinite-size (bulk) systems of different nature requires the same basic conditions: space dimensionality; number components of order parameter; the type (short-or longrange) of the intermolecular interaction; symmetry of the fluctuation part of thermodynamical potential. Basic conditions of similar universal behavior of confined systems needs the same supplementary conditions such as the number of monolayers for a system confinement; low crossover dimensionality, i.e., geometric form of restricted volume; boundary conditions on limiting surfaces; physical properties under consideration. This review paper is aimed at studying all these conditions of similar universal behavior for diffusion processes in confined liquid systems. Special attention was paid to the effects of spatial dispersion and low crossover dimensionality. This allowed us to receive receiving correct nonzero expressions for the diffusion coefficient at the critical point and to take into account the specific geometric form of the confined liquid volume. The problem of 3D⇔2D dimensional crossover was analyzed. To receive a smooth crossover for critical exponents, the Kawasaki-like approach from the theory of mode coupling in critical dynamics was proposed. This ensured a good agreement between data of computer experiment and theoretical calculations of the size dependence of the critical temperature T c (H) of water in slitlike pores. The width of the quasi-elastic scattering peak of slow neutrons near the structural phase transition in the aquatic suspensions of plasmatic membranes (mesostructures with the typical thickness up to 10 nm) was studied. It was shown that the width of quasi-elastic peak of neutron scattering decreases due to the process of cell proliferation, i.e., with an increase of the membrane size (including the membrane thickness). Thus, neutron studies could serve as an additional diagnostic test for the process of tumor formation.

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In this review paper, the theory of synaptic transmission (ST) was developed and discussed. We used the hypothesis of isomorphism between: (a) the cooperative behavior of mediators -acetylcholine molecules (ACh) and cholinoreceptors in a synaptic cleft with binding into mediator-receptor (AChR) complexes, (b) the critical phenomena in confined binary liquid mixtures. The systems of two (or three) nonlinear differential equations were proposed to find the change of concentrations of ACh, AChR complexes, and ferment acetylcholinesterase. The main findings of our study: the linear size of the activation zone was evaluated; the process of postsynaptic membrane activation was described as a cooperative process; different approximations of ACh synchronous release were examined; stationary states and types of singular points were studied for the proposed models of ST; the nonlinear kinetic model with three order parameters demonstrated a strange-attractor behavior.

The problem going to be discussed is as follows: how results for 3𝐷 systems transfer to results for 2𝐷 systems and vice versa. Obviously, such a 3𝐷 ⇔ 2𝐷 dimensional crossover should be smooth and without discontinuities. Here, this problem is studied for a single-component classical liquid in a reduced geometry, namely for slit-like and cylindrical pores with the lower crossover dimensionality 𝐷cros = 2 and 𝐷cros = 1, correspondingly, which are filled by water molecules. The influence of the 3𝐷 ⇔ 2𝐷 dimensional crossover on the effective critical exponents 𝛼 eff , 𝜈 eff , 𝛾 eff and on the thermophysical properties such as the heat capacity 𝐶𝑉 and the isothermal compressibility 𝛽𝑇 is investigated. K e y w o r d s: dimensional crossover, confined systems, effective critical exponents, isochoric heat capasity, isothermal compressibility.

Teaching a child normal behavior in society and a healthy lifestyle is an important job that requires efforts at all stages of the development of the child-the authority of parents in the family, the teacher in kindergartens, school teachers. One of the striking examples of such relationships is the socials educational and methodological project on teaching the child oral hygiene, which is one of the important aspects of the general health of the body. There are various components in this work:-the child, as the center and object of activity; parents-as the main link controlling hygiene procedures; kindergarten teachers and school teachers-as an organizational link in preventive activities at the collective level (in a group, in a class); specialist-dentist-as a carrier of information about the methods and means of primary prevention of major dental diseases and an executor of the main stages of preventive measures at the level of the population, team and individuals. The purpose of the study was to analyze the methodology of hygienic education of the child population of Ukraine at the group level. Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry of Bogomolets National Medical University has many years of experience (1989-2019) in the implementation of preventive measures for the prevention of primary dental caries at a group level with the involvement of volunteer students for hygiene lessons in educational institutions, including preschool. Hygiene training of the Kiev child population was carried out in different age groups of the children's contingent: primary, secondary and senior groups in preschool educational institutions, primary, secondary and high schools in secondary schools in different areas of Kiev.