The ability to accurately predict the toxicity of drug candidates from their chemical structure is critical for guiding experimental drug discovery toward safer medicines. Under the guidance of the MetaTox consortium (Thomson Reuters, CA, USA), which comprised toxicologists from the pharmaceutical industry and government agencies, we created a comprehensive ontology of toxic pathologies for 19 organs, classifying pathology terms by pathology type and functional organ substructure. By manual annotation of full-text research articles, the ontology was populated with chemical compounds causing specific histopathologies. Annotated compound-toxicity associations defined histologically from rat and mouse experiments were used to build quantitative structure-activity relationship models predicting subcategories of liver and kidney toxicity: liver necrosis, liver relative weight gain, liver lipid accumulation, nephron injury, kidney relative weight gain, and kidney necrosis. All models were validated using two independent test sets and demonstrated overall good performance: initial validation showed 0.80-0.96 sensitivity (correctly predicted toxic compounds) and 0.85-1.00 specificity (correctly predicted non-toxic compounds). Later validation against a test set of compounds newly added to the database in the 2 years following initial model generation showed 75-87% sensitivity and 60-78% specificity. General hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity models were less accurate, as expected for more complex endpoints.

This paper presents a study of the processing of collagen-containing raw material and its changes in the course of targeted complex processing by hydrolysis, including freeze-drying. The pH, chemical composition, penetration magnitude, and critical shear stress were determined. The dried samples were examined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and their microstructures were characterized. The characteristic property of the product developed was determined to be the presence of a relatively homogeneous fibrillar structure that promotes the functional capacity of the proteinoid-forming fibres in the compositions of foods from different groups.

This paper is based on literature and our own studies of high-quality dietary fibres of various types, as well as food materials and products. It provides data on the physiological features, functional and technological properties of dietary fibre, as well as its main uses in food technology. In particular, we assessed the texture of dietary fibre, constructed rheograms for the flow of fibre-water systems, and analysed the histological structure. Our results form a scientific basis for the development of safe meat products of high quality and healthy diets. We established specific structural characteristics, properties, and rheological behaviour of various dietary fibres, as well as their advantages. We found that potato fibres demonstrated greater uniformity in texture and rheology, compared to wheat fibres. Wheat fibres had a clear phase structure (fibre/water), whereas potato fibres showed significant hydrophilic and structuring properties, attributing them to colloidal fibres. The established patterns contribute to the rational selection of dietary fibre to create products with desired properties. In particular, we developed a technology for a restructured poultry product with preventative properties using soluble and insoluble dietary fibres. The paper provides data on the product’s safety indicators, nutritional and biological values, as well as functional, technological, microbiological, and other properties. We also conducted microstructural studies to analyse the uniformity of distribution of the curing mixture in the developed meat product. We concluded that using potato and wheat fibres can expand the range of meat products in line with the concepts of rational and healthy nutrition, as well as increase the product’s succulence and prevent syneresis and mass loss.

The modern healthcare system is directly related to the development of digital health tools and solutions. Pills with digital sensors represent a highly innovative class of new pharmaceuticals. The aim of this work was to analyze the patent landscape and to systematize the main trends in patent protection of digital pills with ingestible sensors worldwide; accordingly, to identify the patenting leaders as well as the main prevailing areas of therapy for patent protection, and the future perspectives in the field. In July 2022, a search was conducted using Internet databases, such as the EPO, USPTO, FDA and the Lens database. The patent landscape analysis shows an increase in the number of patents related to digital pills with ingestible sensors for mobile clinical monitoring, smart drug delivery, and endoscopy diagnostics. The leaders in the number of patents issued are the United States, the European Patent Office, Canada, Australia, and China. The following main areas of patenting digital pills with ingestible sensors were identified: treatment in the field of mental health; HIV/AIDS; pain control; cardiovascular diseases; diabetes; gastroenterology (including hepatitis C); oncology; tuberculosis; and transplantology. The development of scientific and practical approaches towards the implementation of effective and safe digital pills will improve treatment outcomes, increase compliance, reduce hospital stays, provide mobile clinical monitoring, have a positive impact on treatment costs and will contribute to increased patient safety.

Рассмотрены стадии получения коллагенового гидролизата путем биомодификации замороженных губ крупного рогатого скота, а также способ его консервирования сублимационной сушкой. Получение гидролизата (ГФО) осуществляли следующим образом: губы предварительно промывали в проточной водопроводной воде в течение 20 мин с целью удаления загрязнений и слизи, зачищая от прирезей мышечной и жировой ткани; после стекания воды (15-20 мин) сырье измельчали на волчке с диаметром отверстий подрезной решетки 2-3 мм. Измельченные образцы обрабатывали растворами ферментных препаратов «Протеаза В» и «Протеаза С» в соотношении сырье:раствор 1:2 и выдерживали в течение 0,5-1,5 ч при концентрации ферментного препарата от 0,02 до 0,06 % к массе сырья, периодически перемешивая (t = 17… 22 °С). Фильтрат от продукта отделяли на сите. Обработанное вышеуказанным способом сырье подвергали вакуумно-сублимационной сушке, процесс которой осуществляли на стенде СВП-0,36 в режиме двухстороннего кондуктивно-радиационного энергоподвода от электрических нагревателей. Продолжительность сублимационной сушки составляла 12 ч. Применение данного вида сушки оказывает положительное влияние на свойства сырья, при этом сохраняя его качественные показатели. Ключевые слова: cублимационная сушка, коллагенсодержащее сырье, ферментный препарат, функциональный продукт, коллагеновый гидролизат.