статья посвящена описанию содержания научной дискуссии относительно объема значений понятия социальности государства как одной из основ конституционного строя современного демократического правового государства и как конституционно-правового принципа с учетом подходов зарубежных ученых. Цель: исследовать различные подходы к определению понятия социального государства. Методы: методологическую основу данного исследования составляют совокупность методов научного познания, среди которых основное место занимают методы историзма, системности, анализа и сравнительноправовой. Результаты: выявлено отсутствие в научной литературе универсального и точного определения понятия социального государства, а также причины данного отсутствия. Выводы: определены основные дискуссионные моменты относительно понятия социального государства, аспекты и принципы социального государства, обусловленные сложностью и неоднозначностью социальности государства в общем объеме конституционно-правовых характеристик и основ конституционного строя, а также разнообразием моделей социального государства, существующих в мировом правопорядке. Ключевые слова: социальное государство; социальность государства; конституционное право; основа конституционного строя; конституционно-правовой принцип; государство благосостояния Социальное государство в конституционном праве: к вопросу о дискуссии относительно понятия

The rational use of natural resources in land law is understood as the increase in the ecological efficiency of the use of natural resources, including the quality improvement. the paper identifies the types of public relations concerning the rational use of natural resources in land law: 1) improvement of the state of the natural environment and the ecological situation in general; 2) improvement of the quality of land as a separate natural resource and a natural object; 3) land reclamation; 4) land restoration; 5) additional reproduction of land fertility; 6) other relationships aimed at improving the sustainability of environmental systems of which land is a part. On the example of Part 2 Art. 8.7 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, Para. 2 of Art. 45, Para. 2 of Art. 46 and Para. 1 of Art. 47 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation the paper shows the significance of differentiation between rational and sustainable use of natural resources in land law for law enforcement. The proposed differntiation leads to overcoming legal uncertainty when bringing to administrative responsibility and forced termination of rights to land plots for failure to fulfill mandatory measures for the land improvement. The author substantiates the supression from the objective side of the administrative offense provided by Part 2 of Art. 8.7 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, of the failure to act on mandatory improvement of lands. The reasons for the proposed change of the rule include: 1) the absence in law enforcement practice of the facts of bringing to administrative responsibility under Part 2 Art. 8.7 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation for failure to comply with mandatory measures to improve lands; 2) recognition by courts in most cases of the design of part 2 of Art. 8.7 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation as a formally defined crime; 3) the study of Part 2 Article 8.7 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation in the science of Land Law exclusively in the context of the failure to implement mandatory measures to protect land and soil; 4) only social relations in the field of preservation and protection of land against negative impact can be the object of an administrative violation.

This article covers special features of professional training of social science students in the economic aspect. Research activity is an integral part of professional training of university students as it forms personal qualities that make up the human capital. Authors mention that specialists of different spheres are required to improve their competitive performance as well as master scientific research competencies in the modern world. Anthropocentric paradigm of modern research implies giving special priority to a person and person's needs as well as determining important aspects of development of society and economy. Social features of the society include economic factors. Thus, professional training of social science students is an important part of economic components of the society. The notion "human capital" is frequently used in modern economic research. In his work "Human Capital Theory", Theodore Schulz, an American economist, considers this term as a measure that determines a person's ability to make money. According to economic theory, human capital is a stock of personal qualities that are formed throughout life: knowledge, skills, talent, health, etc. It should be noted that such qualities are not given to a person only at the moment of birth, they are formed in the process of studying and getting experience. As crisis and transformation processes become deeper nowadays, social image of the society is rapidly changing, all life spheres are being updated, social tension is growing.

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Many countries consider the patriotic education of the younger generation as one of the main state tasks. There is a search for new forms, methods and means of the patriotic education of young people. Patriotism is proclaimed a priority value and a leading direction in state policy of studied countries. The traditional means of the patriotic education of young people in Russia and China are singled out. With the widespread use of the Internet environment and mass communications, the sphere of patriotic education of young people is complemented by the introduction of Internet projects. The authors analyse the modern means of patriotic education of the Russian and Chinese youth. Similar means of this process in different countries are detected. The modern possibilities of patriotic education of the Russian and Chinese youth through the use of modern Internet capabilities are discussed in the article. Modern and innovative ways should be used in patriotic education, especially the favourite "toys" of young people: messengers, social networks, the Internet, etc. The authors found that the implementation of patriotic education is determined by individual approaches corresponding to the level of country development. The authors analysed modern Internet projects of the patriotic education of young people that are used in the process of forming civil-patriotic qualities of a young person in Russian and Chinese practice. The experience of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China in using Internet projects for the patriotic education of the young generation represents new guidelines for the moral development of Russian and Chinese youth. Based on the traditions of the past and modern technologies, the development of such projects can become a new means of patriotic education of the younger generation.