This review presents recent data of domestic and foreign literature on the relevance of the problem of adhesive disease pelvic and abdominal cavities. Incidence of intra-abdominal adhesions varies from 67 to 93% after abdominal surgery, and is almost 97% after open gynecologic procedures. Most often adhesions are formed after operations on the abdominal organs; bleeding into the abdominal cavity; inflammation in the peritoneal cavity; in the presence of foreign bodies in the abdominal cavity; at a local tissue ischemia.Leading point of pathogenesis of adhesive disease is inflammation of the peritoneum, accompanied by disorders of local tissue metabolism, and desquamation of the mesothelium and loss of fibrin, that is leads to agglutination of serous membranes. Operations, often resulting in adhesive obstruction include surgery of the colon and rectum, gynecological surgery and emergency appendectomy.