The interest regarding to African cultural values has intensified in all countries of the African continent in the second half of the twentieth -early twenty-first century. The aim of the article is to analyze the traditional religious beliefs of Tropical Africa peoples. The interdisciplinary approach that allows us to consider social realities in the context of historical and cultural changes has become the leading one to the study of this problem. The article shows the role of religion in African society. They considered the system of traditional beliefs and cults, the main forms of religious beliefs, as well as the diversity of religious attributes and its use on the basis of materials from the museum collection of the Ethnographic Museum of the University. The materials of the article can be useful for ethnologists, anthropologists, museum staff and everyone who is interested in this topic.
На основе архивных материалов в статье рассмотрены концепции развития этнографического музея Казанского университета. Особое внимание уделено этапам создания этнографического собрания, специфике формирования коллекций и особенностям реорганизации музейных структур. Авторами отмечены проблемы, с которыми столкнулся музей на этом пути, одной из них стало отсутствие заинтересованных специалистов-этнографов. Вместе с тем отмечается, что само функционирование этнографического музея в XIX в. способствовало накоплению большого разнопланового собрания, которое могло быть использовано для сопровождения учебного процесса и проведения научных исследований в Казанском университете в последующие периоды. По мнению авторов, практически за столетнюю историю своего существования этнографическое собрание Казанского университета несколько раз меняло свою «прописку», оказываясь в фондах различных структурных подразделений, и, по сути, так и не оформилось в музей. Профиль же этнографического подразделения зачастую определялся научными интересами его руководителя. Т.о. это собрание сформировалось не в результате запланированного, целенаправленного пополнения, а спонтанно, в значительной степени за счет различных подарков университету, поэтому большую часть этнографических предметов музея составляли экспонаты из регионов, далеких от «малого отчества». The article discusses the developmental concept of the Ethnographic museum of Kazan University in the context of development of ethnographic knowledge. Particular attention is paid to the stages of formation of the ethnographic collection, the specifics of formation of collections and aspects of reorganization of museum structures. The authors highlighted the problems that the museum collection faced in the period under review: the lack of interested ethnographers and planned museum work. However, it was concluded that functioning of the Ethnographic museum in the XIX century contributed to accumulation of a large diverse collection, which provided support for the educational process and scientific research at Kazan University later. Over almost a hundred-year history the ethnographic collection of Kazan University changed its affiliation several times, ending up in funds of various structural divisions, and, in fact, never became a museum. The profile of an ethnographic unit was often defined by the scientific interests of its head. Thus, this collection was formed not as a result of a planned, purposeful replenishment, but rather spontaneously, largely due to various gifts to the university, and therefore, most of the museum's ethnographic exhibits came from regions that were far from the “small motherland”.
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