The thymus of outbred male rats 5 months after splenectomy (experimental secondary immunodeficiency) was studied by common histological and immunohistochemical methods using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to CD3, CD30, CD68, synaptophysin, to S100, p53, bcl-2, and Ki-67 proteins. Removal of the spleen led to acute involution of the thymic parenchyma, which was replaced by the adipose tissue and was associated with restructuring of the thymopoietic and nonthymopoietic components of the gland, changes in cellular composition and antigenic phenotype of the lobular cortical and medullary matter, and by reduction of cell proliferation.
Introduction. Breast cancer in women is a very common malignant tumor. The prognosis of the development and management of the disease depend on the clinical stage and biological subtype of the tumor. The aim of the research was to study immunohistochemical characteristics of sentinel lymph nodes in various molecular and biological subtypes of breast cancer. Materials and methods. We studied 44 lymph nodes of females with a diagnosed breast cancer using histological and immunohistochemical methods. Regional axillary lymph nodes without signs of metastatic lesions were taken into the investigation. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed; monoclonal antibodies to S100 protein and cluster of lymphocyte differentiation 4 and 8 were used. We used light microscopy to assess the results. Results. We determined molecular and biological subtypes of breast cancer. In 45.5% of cases (n=20) women were diagnosed with luminal cancer (Lum); in 25% of cases (n=11), with Her2+ variant; and in 29.5% of cases (n=13), with Tr– cancer (triple-negative). A more pronounced expression of S100-positive cells was observed in the paracortical zone of lymph nodes in triple-negative compared with the luminal one. We revealed uneven distribution of СD8+ lymphocytes in various subtypes of breast cancer, with an increase in their area in the following sequence: Lum (18.6%), Her2+ (19.8%), and Tr– (20.1%). The lowest number of СD4+ lymphocytes was found in the luminal breast cancer. The largest number of CD4+ cells was observed in the Her2+ subtype. Conclusion. The research demonstrated no reliable differences in the reaction of various sub-populations of T-lymphocytes in early-stage breast cancer. At the same time, we revealed a reliable increase in the number of intrafollicular S100+ cells that indicates dendrite cells activation in Tr– cancer. Keywords: breast cancer, immunohistochemistry, regional lymph node, cellular immunity, lymphocytes
Цель исследования -проанализировать результаты современных научных исследований, касающихся анатомии фасций и клетчаточных пространств подбрюшинного этажа женского таза. В литературном обзоре выполнен анализ современных российских и зарубежных (исключительно на английском языке) научных работ, значимых относительно темы обзора и представленных в базах данных eLibrary, PubMed, Scopus и в научной электронной библиотеке «КиберЛенинка» (Cyberleninka). В обзоре представлены современные данные относительно границ и содержимого каждого клетчаточного пространства подбрюшинного этажа женского таза. Указана клиническая значимость межфасциальных пространств в качестве хирургических доступов. Количество пространств подбрюшинного этажа женского таза, по данным различных авторов, варьирует от шести до девяти. Эти пространства друг от друга отделяют три пары связок: кардинальные связки матки, крестцово-маточные и пузырноматочные связки. Названия пространств происходят от наименований органов, окружающих их. По топографическому принципу все пространства разделяют на медиальные и латеральные. К латеральным пространствам относят околопузырное, околопрямокишечное пространства, а также пространство Ябуки. Медиальные пространства включают в себя позадилобковое пространство, пузырно-маточно-влагалищное пространство, прямокишечно-влагалищное и позадипрямокишечное пространства. Ключевые слова: клетчаточные пространства, подбрюшинный этаж таза, пространство Окабаяши, пространство Лацко, предпузырная фасция, позадипузырная фасция, околопузырное клетчаточное пространство.
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