The copper ore mining in Bor was started at the beginning of the twentieth century. Parallel to this, the ore smelting was carried out in the first period. After construction of the Flotation Plant (1934), the ore dressing was performed and obtaining the concentrate of copper and precious metals. Until the 60's of the last century, the ore processing, obtained from exploitation from the copper deposits Bor (the Old Open Pit and underground mine Jama Bor), was carried out. After this period of ore obtained from the Bor mine, the ore from the deposit Lipa, Cerovo (Mali Krivelj) was also processed. Technogenic waste of flotation was obtained as by-product of this process by flotation that was disposed from 1934 to 1980 in the area of the Old Flotation Tailing Dump in Bor (Field 1 and Field 2). Based on the previous geological explorations in the mentioned zone, the increased copper contents were indicated in the subject area. The implementation of detailed geological explorations would evaluate the potentiality of the area, in order to review the possibilities of raw material leaching, as well as solving a serious environmental problem in the center of the town of Bor.
The development of mineral resources of solid mineral resources goes mainly together with problems because of natural factors, which determines current position of modern technological mineralogy. We paid particular attention to problems of mineralogical study of refractory ores of natural and technogenic genesis, associated with technical, technological and economic factors. We showed that many provisions of “Strategy for the development of Russian industry for the processing, utilization and disposal of industrial and consumer wastes for the period up to 2030” are related to the field of technological mineralogy. Intensive development and improvement of physical methods of mineralogical analysis resulted in need for their metrological support. Creation of a strict metrological basis for quality control of mineralogical works ensures the reliability of results of performed researches. The formation of new methods and techniques, both research tools and technologies for studying the composition, structure and properties of solid minerals, contribute to understanding interrelationships of mineral phases and resulting spatial and temporal patterns of coexistence of minerals in rocks, ores and other natural and technogenic formations. We considered achievements, problems and prospects for the development of technological mineralogy, an algorithm for the application of its methods and approaches in the management of complex processing of mineral raw. The main emphasis is placed on the development of scientific and methodological prerequisites for solving problem of rational development of mineral raw, the maximum possible extraction and integrated use of all minerals (both main and accompanying), expansion and strengthening of the mineral resource base in the light of the global challenges of the economic and environmental doctrines of modern civilization. The studies of complex mineral systems increasingly use information technologies “big data”. For the best solution of complex tasks of geological and technological mapping and mineragenic research, methods of remote sensing using the Landsat program are becoming popular. We emphasized importance of interactive forms and methods of teaching mineralogical research for specialists from organizations of different departmental affiliation.
Поступила в редакцию 20 июня 2017 г., после доработки -18 июля 2017 г. Принята к публикации -20 июля 2017 г. Ключевые слова: испытательные лаборатории, межлабораторные сравнительные испытания, точность и сопоста-вимость результатов испытаний, образец для контроля точности результатов испытаний, рентгенографический количественный фазовый анализ, метрологическая оценка, однофакторный дисперсионный анализ, однородность искусственной смеси минералов Введение. Деятельность ФГБУ «ВИМС» направлена на обеспечение точности и сопоставимости резуль-татов минералого-аналитическихисследований Introduction. Activities of FSBI «VIMS» are aimed at ensuring accuracy and comparability of the results of mineralogical analyses accompanying exploration and technological work. Evaluation of the research result quality is carried out with the help of various metrological instruments, one of which is aninterlaboratory comparison test.Purpose.
ВâåäåíиåПåрåрàáîòêà îòõîдîâ яâляåòñя «îòдåльнîй мàñ-шòàáнîй çàдà÷åй для нàшåй прîмышлåннîñòи … Пî ñó-òи, рå÷ь идåò î ñîçдàнии нîâîй îòрàñли, êîòîрàя пîçâî-лиò âîâлåêàòь âî âòîри÷ный îáîрîò дîпîлниòåльныå рåñóрñы и, êîнå÷нî, дîлжнà ñниçиòь îáъåмы çàõîрîнå-ний òàêиõ прîмышлåнныõ îòõîдîâ, пîñêîльêó эòî òîжå ÷àñòî приâîдиò ê нåáлàгîприяòным эêîлîги÷åñêим пî-ñлåдñòâиям» [5].Òåõнîгåннîå ñырьå â âидå îòõîдîâ дîáы÷и и пåрå-рàáîòêи рóд и гîрныõ пîрîд âñåгдà пî ñîñòàâó и îñîáåн-нîñòям ñòрîåния îòли÷àåòñя îò прирîдныõ пîлåçныõ иñêîпàåмыõ. Вñêрышныå, âмåщàющиå пîрîды, îòõî-ды ñóõîй пåрåрàáîòêи ñырья пî ñîñòàâó и ñâîйñòâàм â îпрåдåлåннîй ñòåпåни мîжнî ñîпîñòàâляòь ñ прирîд-ными àнàлîгàми и â áîльшинñòâå ñлó÷àåâ иñпîльçî-âàòь â òåõ жå нàпрàâлåнияõ, ÷òî и прирîдныå. Îòõîды мåòàллóрги÷åñêиõ, òåплîэнåргåòи÷åñêиõ, õими÷åñêиõ прîиçâîдñòâ (шлàêи, шлàмы, çîлîшлàêи, гîрåлыå пî-рîды, пириòныå îгàрêи и пр.) ñóщåñòâåннî îòли÷àюòñя îò прирîднîгî ñырья.Ìинåрàлîги÷åñêими õàрàêòåриñòиêàми òåõнîгåн-нîгî ñырья, â òîм ÷иñлå гîрнîпрîмышлåнныõ îòõî-дîâ, яâляюòñя грàнóлярный ñîñòàâ, ñлîжныå âçàимîîò-нîшåния минåрàльныõ и (или) òåõнîгåнныõ фàç, â òîм ÷иñлå нàли÷иå эâòåêòи÷åñêиõ êîлîний или ñòрóêòóр рàñпàдà òâåрдыõ рàñòâîрîâ, нåçнà÷иòåльнîå êîли÷åñò-âî îднîгî или нåñêîльêиõ пîлåçныõ минåрàлîâ, пîли-минåрàльныå (пîлифàçныå) àгрåгàòы, приñóòñòâиå ми-нåрàлîâ иçîмîрфныõ рядîâ и пîлиòипныõ мîдифиêà-ций, âòîри÷ныå иçмåнåния, ñâяçàнныå â îñнîâнîм ñ прîцåññàми гипåргåнåçà.Иçó÷åниå ñîñòàâà, ñòрîåния и òåõнîлîги÷åñêиõ ñâîйñòâ гîрнîпрîмышлåнныõ îòõîдîâ, áàçирóющåå-ñя нà ñîâрåмåннîм нàó÷нîм, мåòîди÷åñêîм, òåõни÷å-ñêîм и инñòрóмåнòàльнî-àппàрàòóрнîм îáåñпå÷åнии иñ-ñлåдîâàний òåõнîгåннîгî ñырья, пîçâîляåò прîгнîçирî-âàòь âîçмîжнîñòь âîâлå÷åния åгî âî âòîри÷нóю пåрåрà-áîòêó, âêлю÷àя лиêâидàцию эêîлîги÷åñêиõ пîñлåдñòâий прîмышлåннîй пåрåрàáîòêи [6]. Пîлó÷иòь нåîáõîдимóю минåрàлîги÷åñêóю инфîрмàцию âîçмîжнî êîмплåêñîм минåрàлîгî-àнàлиòи÷åñêиõ мåòîдîâ. Для рàçныõ âидîâ îòõîдîâ иñпîльçóåòñя индиâидóàльный êîмплåêñ мåòî-дîâ минåрàлîги÷åñêîгî àнàлиçà, пîçâîляющий пîлó÷àòь пîлнóю и дîñòîâåрнóю инфîрмàцию, âêлю÷àющóю ñâå-дåния î фàçîâîм ñîñòàâå òåõнîгåнныõ îáрàçîâàний, â òîм ÷иñлå фîрмå нàõîждåния пîлåçныõ элåмåнòîâ, грàнóляр-нîм ñîñòàâå, мîрфîмåòри÷åñêиõ пàрàмåòрàõ, õàрàêòåрå лîêàлиçàции êîнêрåòныõ фàç.Слåдóåò îòмåòиòь, ÷òî при минåрàлîги÷åñêîм иç-ó÷åнии, нàпримåр, âñêрышныõ и âмåщàющиõ пîрîд, êàê прàâилî, рóêîâîдñòâóюòñя мåòîди÷åñêими дîêóмåн-òàми, рàçрàáîòàнными для прирîднîгî минåрàльнîгî ñырья. В òî âрåмя êàê ñпåциàльныõ мåòîдиê минåрàлî-ги÷åñêîгî àнàлиçà áîльшåй ÷àñòи гîрнîпрîмышлåнныõ îòõîдîâ (шлàêи, шлàмы, îòõîды мîêрыõ ñпîñîáîâ îáî-гàщåния, çîлîшлàêи и пр.) нå ñóщåñòâóåò. Êàê прàâилî, иññлåдîâàниå òàêиõ îáъåêòîâ нîñиò мåждиñциплинàр-ный õàрàêòåр, îáóñлîâлåнный рàçóмным ñî÷åòàниåм мå-òîдîâ àнàлиçà, çàимñòâîâàнныõ иç рàçли÷ныõ îáлàñòåй Выíóждåííîå хðàíåíèå îãðîìíîãî кîëè÷åñòвà îòхîдîв, èх óдàëåíèå в îòвàëы, экîëîãè÷åñкèå ðèñкè ñвèдåòåëьñòвóюò î íåбëà-ãîпðèяòíîì пîëîжåíèè в вîпðîñå кîìпëåкñíîãî èñпîëьзîвàíèя ìèíåðàëьíîãî ñыðья. В ñòàòьå эòà пðîбëåìà ðàññìîòðåíà ñ п...
Прикладная минералогия уже давно в геологических науках заняла лидирующее положение. Еще В. И. Вернадский отмечал, что «…значение минералогической основы учения о рудных ископаемых чрезвычайно усилилось. Учение о полезных ископаемых являе тся сейчас в своей основе, прикладной минералогией…». Он подчеркивал, необходимость создания базы для изучения полезных ископаемых, которые «неизбежно должны вестись на минералогической основе, а не на геологической»
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