Obtaining very high-purity germanium crystals with low dislocation density is a practically difficult problem, which requires knowledge and experience in growth processes. Dislocation density is one of the most important parameters defining the quality of germanium crystal. In this paper, we have performed experimental study of dislocation density during 4inch germanium crystal growth using the Czochralski method and comprehensive unsteady modeling of the same crystal growth processes, taking into account global heat transfer, melt flow and melt/crystal interface shape evolution. Thermal stresses in the crystal and their relaxation with generation of dislocations within the Alexander-Haasen model have been calculated simultaneously with crystallization dynamics. Comparison to experimental data showed reasonable agreement for the temperature, interface shape and dislocation density in the crystal between calculation and experiment.

301 Background: FGFR2 status of a patient with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma could be an important factor in determining optimal treatment strategy with FGFR2 inhibitors and antibodies. The question remains how well different assays agree on the FGFR2 status of the same patient and whether one test can be substituted by another. Methods: Pairwise comparison of 4 tests based on the same patient population was performed: 3 IHC assays [Abcam clone EPR24075-418, R&D clone 98706, Santa Cruz clone C-8] and one FISH test. One hundred and nine formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded samples (including 64 primary tumors and 45 metastases of same patients) were obtained and were stained with FGFR2 IHC assays. Two trained pathologists independently evaluated the percentages of tumor staining and their intensity. FGFR2 FISH was performed as described previously [Su, BJC 2014]. The concordance analysis was performed to assess (1) correlation of FGFR2 expression/amplification between different assays in primary and metastases, (2) the predictive properties of one test of another. Results: After evaluating the expression in the first 19 patients, further study was carried out only using the Abсam assay due to pronounced nuclear staining with other IHC tests. FGFR2 any level expression was detected in 29 (47%) primary tumors and 18 (40%) metastases with concordance of 91%. The prevalence of FGFR2 amplification was 9.4% and intratumoral heterogeneity was observed in 33% of FGFR2 amplified cases. Pearson Correlation Coefficients (PCC) were: 0.89, 0.38 and 0.35 between IHC3+/FISH, IHC≥1% stained cells/FISH and IHC≥10%/FISH, respectively. The table represents how well one assay can predict the same outcome (positivity or negativity) of another assay. Conclusions: Among patients who were negative by FISH, 86%-93% of the patients were negative by IHC assay (Abcam). Among patients who were positive by FISH, 75-80% of them were positive by IHC. FISH should not be recommended as a substitute for a FGFR2 IHC assay due to high probability of false negative prediction as a result of intratumoral heterogeneity and low PCC. [Table: see text]

No abstract

No abstract

РефератНа основе анализа существующих технологий переработки шламов электролиза меди и никеля, показана перспективность перехода к гидрохимическим способам их переработки.На основании разработок авторов предложены технологические схемы, включающие: гидрохимическое выщелачивание меди и никеля из металлических и халькогенидных фаз, что минимизирует переход в раствор теллура, селена и благородных металлов; флотационное разделение солевых и оксидных фаз от металлических и халькогенидных фаз; гидрохимический перевод в раствор селена, путем применения окислительных или восстановительных процессов, сохраняя благородные металлы в элементной форме. Как альтернатива, по второй схеме предложено применить флотацию кека, а выделенный концентрат подвергать щелочно-солевой обработке. Способ позволяет выделить из флотоконцентрата в богатый промпродукт золото, серебро и металлы платиновой группы, перевести в раствор селен. Процесс не связан с выделением токсичных газов. Получаемая