The aim of the study was to determine the role of foreign citizens registered in Moscow region, in the maintenance of the epidemic process of measles, rubella and mumps based on the basis of their susceptibility to these infections and compare with the control group (residents of the Russia Central Federal District - donors of blood). Materials and methods. Examination included 909 samples of blood sera obtained from migrant workers and 939 blood donors (residents of the Central Federal district of Russia) which were tested for the presence of antibodies (IgG) to measles, rubella and mumps with the help of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Average relative density of seronegative persons among the surveyed migrants and donors to rubella virus ranged from 6.6 to 9.8%, the measles virus - 13.5 and 16.5%, respectively, statistically significant distinctions in groups were not established. The proportion of seronegative persons to mumps virus twice and more exceeded the standard documentation level among migrants and donors (32.5 and 47.5% respectively). Conclusion. There was a significant excess of the permissible level of seronegative persons to the measles, rubella and mumps viruses among migrant workers and blood donors, which creates preconditions for maintenance of epidemic process and dictates the necessity of carrying out the corrective vaccination (or revaccination) of non-immune persons

Aim. Identification of epidemiological patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 spread among the population of St. Petersburg during the one-year COVID-19 pandemic period.Materials and methods. The performed analysis focused on the dynamics of COVID-19 cases in St. Petersburg from 2/3/2020 to 4/4/2021 and on the gender-age profile of patients. The information about patients (age, gender, type of the disease, hospitalization, social, and occupational status) was obtained from the database containing the materials from statistical data form No. 058/u.Results. After one year, the dynamics of reported cases of COVID-19 in St. Petersburg shows two cycles of seasonal surge (spring and autumn-winter) and 8 epidemic periods. It has been found that there are no gender-age differences among COVID-19 patients, which can be seen from the relatively similar number of cases among men and women per 100,000 people in each age group during specific epidemic periods. The strong association between clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and the patients' age was detected: Severe cases were more frequently diagnosed in patients over 70 years, regardless of their gender identity. Based on the social and occupational status, the people who were most exposed to the COVID-19 epidemic process were retirees and people whose occupation was associated with health and safety of St. Petersburg. Among the COVID-19 patients, retirees accounted for 13.69% (men) and 17.67% (women). The proportion of healthcare workers was 3.67% (men) and 9.41% (women).Conclusion. It has been assumed that COVID-19 tends to be a seasonal disease featuring annual autumn-winter epidemic cycles. The study addressed prospects of preventive vaccination against COVID-19 in Russia and the importance of tracking the complications pathogenetically associated with the acute phase of the disease in the system of epidemiological surveillance.

Sera of 3951 inhabitants of Central, Privolzhsky and Northwest federal districts of Russia were examined with the use of ELISA-IgG and neutralization test. Antibodies to West Nile virus (WN) were detected in the sera of residents of Voronezh (1,6% of cases), Tula (1,5%), Tambov (0,7%) and Lipetsk(0,6%) regions. Two positive samples have been detected in residents of Moscow and Moscow region, which were possibly infected, during theirs travel to endemic for WN fever regions. All sera obtained from Kaluga, Ryazan, Tver, Vologda, Ulyanovsk regions and The Republic of Tatarstan were negative. Our data, in combination with the morbidity rate of WN fever indicate on epidemiological activity of foci of this infection in the South, the North Caucasus, Privolzhsky (Saratovskaya region) and Central (the forest-steppe zone and Tula region) districts. The northern border of circulation of WN virus probably dispose of the latitude of the Tula region.

The review provides information on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding some interleukins belonging to the interleukin-1 (IL-1) superfamily and on their association with different infectious and non-infectious human diseases. It also briefs on the history of SNP discovery and the progress in the related scientific studies till the present time. It gives an insight into some mechanisms of interaction between infectious agents and the human immune system, involving SNPs in some cytokines of the IL-1 superfamily. The review provides data on relationships of SNPs in genes encoding other factors of the immune system, which are associated with the specific characteristics of natural history of chronic hepatitis B and C. It explores the significance of assessment of the SNP-proportion in proinflammatory cytokines and their antagonists of the IL-1 superfamily among the healthy population as well as the ratio of individual SNPs in specific groups of patients as a monitoring parameter for epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases.