Проведен анализ индивидуально-типологических особенностей процессов самостоятельного выбора испытуемыми параметров обстановочных и пусковых стимулов сенсо-моторного теста. Выявлены характерные типы динамик и гендерные различия последовательных выборов субъектами скорости сенсо-моторного теста. Показана их взаимосвязь с успешностью деятельности, с изменениями показателей вариабельности сердечной деятельности и спектрально-когерентными характеристиками ЭЭГ различных зон коры головного мозга. Ключевые слова: психофизиологические особенности, поведенческая деятельность, целенаправленное поведение, физиологический анализ.

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INTRODUCTION: The aim of the work is analysis of one of the most important problems of the modern biomedical science problem of studying the processes of human adaptation to a complex of climatic and geographic factors and conditions of the Far North in the period of increased necessity in realization of the economic, industrial and defense activity of the government. The review presents the data of scientific study of cognitive functions and neurophysiological changes in people permanently living in or arriving to the Arctic zone. In the first part, the factors are considered that evidence different disorders in memory, concentration, efficiency of performing simple and complex cognitive tasks by test persons in conditions of low temperature, seasonal photoperiodicity, a particular working regime, such as rotational team method, etc. The age-related peculiarities of dynamics of the cognitive processes in children and adolescents living in the Arctic region are considered. The second part of the article presents analysis of scientific data on changes of electrophysiological parameters of the brain structure activity under the influence of individual or complex factors of Arctic conditions. In particular, changes of the encephalographic rhythms, evoked potentials, hemispheric asymmetry and parameters of autonomic regulation of the heart rate variability in the initial condition and on exposure to the factors of the Far North, are described. A necessity of individual typological analysis of the adaptation process characteristics depending on the initial regulatory peculiarities, neurophysiological characteristics of people, duration of their stay in the mentioned conditions, is emphasized. Inconsistency or ambiguity of the presented data indicate the importance of using a complex approach to scientific research which should include systemic analysis of the dynamics of neurophysiological characteristics and parameters of achieved effectiveness of modeled or professional activity in the Arctic conditions. CONCLUSION: The paper substantiates the necessity of elaboration of personalized methods of increasing the adaptive reserves of people working and living in the Arctic zones; one of these may be modern systems based on biocontrol with feedback from physiological systems of a human. Besides, it is noted that application of the principles of the theory of the functional systems formulated by academician P. K. Anokhin, can contribute to deeper understanding of adaptation processes, changes of cognitive and professional abilities, their neurophysiological support in the Arctic conditions.

The review analyses studies into the influence of social factors on the kinematic profiles (velocity, amplitude, trajectory, grip aperture and other characteristics) of human actions. Laboratory models of human joint sensorimotor activity in different social contexts are described, exemplified by reach kinematics, complementary actions, sensorimotor communication, imitation tasks and motor interference tasks. Research into the influence of the goals of interaction (cooperation, competition, communication) and the presence of an observer on the kinematic profiles of human movements is analysed. Further, the paper demonstrates the role of social factors in the performance of complementary actions and describes the effect of the mutual influence of the physical requirements of the task and social context on the kinematic profile of movements. Results are presented showing that co-actors modulate their actions to eliminate ambiguity of their motor intentions for the other person (sensorimotor communication). Contextual factors influencing the degree of motor interference and imitative behaviour are described, such as: the type of stimuli observed, co-agent’s status, group membership, and neurotypicality of the subjects. The possibility of reducing the effect of visuomotor interference by presenting incongruent actions as interdependent components of an overall activity plan is shown. In addition, neurophysiological mechanisms of interpersonal coordination are described. It is concluded that findings on human movement patterns in different social contexts can be used to increase teamwork efficiency in various professional fields, rehabilitate people with movement disorders, optimize working conditions, and improve human interactions with robotic systems.

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