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At present, cosmic ray (CR) physics uses a considerable variety of methods for studying CR characteristics, and both primary and secondary fluxes, respectively. Experimental methods make the main contribution, using various types of detectors, but numerical methods increasingly complement it due to the active development in computer technology. This approach provides researchers with the most extensive information about details of the process or phenomenon and allows us to make the most competent conclusions. This paper presents a concept of the RUSCOSMIC software package based on the GEANT4 toolkit and representing a range of different numerical models for studying the CR passage through a matter of different systems. The obtained results represent response functions of the main radiation detectors as well as some typical characteristics of secondary CR fluxes. Comparative results also show the operation of the module verifica-tion of calculations with experimental data.

This paper explores the applied use of the RUSCOSMICS software package [http://ruscosmics.ru] designed to simulate propagation of primary cosmic ray (CR) particles through Earth’s atmosphere and collect information about characteristics of their secondary component. We report the results obtained for proton fluxes with energy distributions corresponding to the differential spectra of galactic CR (GCR) and solar CR (SCR) during ground level enhancement (GLE) events GLE65 and GLE67. We examine features of the geometry of Earth’s atmosphere, parametrization methods, and describe a primary particle generator. The typical energy spectra of electrons obtained both for GCR and for GLE65 provide information that allows us to quantitatively estimate the SCR contribution to the enhancement of secondary CR fluxes. We also present altitude dependences of ionization rate for GCR and both the GLE events for several geomagnetic cutoff rigidity values. The conclusion summarizes and discusses the prospects for future research.

Сделано предположение, что при относительно высокой энергии (от 1 ГэВ/нуклон и выше) для ядер первичных космических лучей с зарядовым числом Z меньше двух повышается вероятность испытывать неупругие соударения при прохождении нижних слоёв атмосферы Земли, в ходе которых рождаются каскады вторичных частиц, способные приводить к увеличению скорости ионизации. Представлены результаты расчётов для ядер азота и кислорода, полученные при помощи программного комплекса RUSCOSMICS. Показаны оценки их вклада в скорость образования пар ионов для диапазона высот от 0 до 80 км (область нижней атмосферы) и локации, соответствующей географическим координатам Апатит (высокие широты). В результате проведённых вычислений доказано, что частицы космических лучей с Z > 2 могут значительно влиять на процесс ионообразования.

Results are presented from analyzing the GLE73 event in terms of solar cosmic rays. The GLE73 event raised the count by 2–6% at polar stations of the World Neutron Monitor Network. A direct solution to the inverse problem is found, along with and the energy spectra of solar cosmic rays at the boundary of the magnetosphere are obtained and the pitch angle distribution of the flux.