На крысах-самцах линии Вистар исследовано влияние селанка (Институт молекулярной генетики, Россия) в дозах 100, 300, 1000 мкг/кг внутрибрюшинно за 15 мин до моделирования эмоционально-болевого стресса на содержание аминотрансфераз, концентрацию мочевины в сыворотке крови и процессы свободнорадикального окисления в печени. Установлено, что при остром стрессе селанк во всех исследованных дозах снижал концентрацию мочевины плазмы крови до уровня нестрессированных животных в среднем на 27 % (p ≤ 0,01). При хроническом стрессорном воздействии селанк только в дозе 300 мкг/кг уменьшал активность каталазы и супероксиддисмутазы в среднем на 17 % (p ≤ 0,05) на фоне снижения концентрации малонового диальдегида на 18 % (p ≤ 0,05) в гомогенате печени, а также повышал уровень мочевины плазмы крови до уровня нестрессированных животных. При применении селанка в других дозах наблюдались сходные по направленности, но менее выраженные изменения данных показателей, а также снижение содержания аспартатаминотрансферазы в сыворотке крови при увеличении дозы селанка до 1000 мкг/кг на 16 % (p ≤ 0,05). Белоксинтетическая функция гепатоцитов при использовании селанка не изменялась. В целом фармакологические эффекты селанка в условиях острого и хронического эмоционально-болевого стресса имеют гепатопротекторный стресс-лимитирующий характер.
Objective: to study the cellular mechanisms of activation of regenerative processes in the liver when using total RNA (tRNA) of bone marrow cells (BMCs) based on an extended liver resection (ELR) model. Materials and methods. Male Wistar rats (n = 80) with ELR model (70%) were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (control group) had a single saline injection, while group 2 (experimental group) received a single tRNA injection at a 30 μg/100 g dose of animal weight. The biochemical parameters of liver function and weight were monitored over time. Also monitored were microstructural changes in hepatocytes 48 hours after ELR by examining mitotic activity, caspase-9 expression and morphometric parameters. Results. It was found that in group 2, in comparison to group 1, there was faster normalization of biochemical parameters (by 10–14 days), a higher mitotic index of hepatocytes (23.45‰ versus 5.37‰), and initially sharper decrease and then faster recovery of liver mass (by 10–12 days versus 18–20 days). Both groups showed almost total expression of caspase-9, including in mitotically splitting hepatocytes. Group 1 demonstrated decreased values of morphometric parameters of single and binuclear cells, decreased number of binucleated hepatocytes and increased total density of hepatocytes as compared to the intact liver. Intraperitoneal administration of tRNA increased morphometric parameters of mononuclear hepatocytes, did not affect their number, but increased the area of the nuclei of binuclear hepatocytes as compared to the control group. Conclusion. The proven capability of cell-bone marrow total RNA to simultaneously support apoptosis in liver cells after ELR and induce mitotic activity indicates that tRNA can switch activated apoptosis to cell proliferation at the early phase of the regenerative process. This effect may be due to the presence of regulatory RNA molecules in tRNA, including numerous non-coding RNAs.
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