The objective of the paper is to evaluate the status and trends of citizen interactions with regulatory enforcement and inspection bodies in the framework of inspection reform.The key method used was a representative sociological survey conducted in 35 Russian regions in March 2020. The survey allowed for collecting citizen evaluations on personal experience related to facing 10 major risks to public values (in the areas of personal safety from crime, food and non-food product safety, fire and technical safety of buildings and constructions, environmental safety, risks related to medical services and drugs, transport safety, risks related to financial services and misuse of personal data).The results demonstrate that some 49.5 percent of Russian citizens have faced the need to protect themselves from the above risks for the past 2 years. Out of them, 44.9 percent of respondents applied for protection to regulatory enforcement and inspection authorities. Only 44.2 percent of respondents that had applied to regulatory enforcement and inspection authorities for protection of public values fully attained their objectives (i.e. managed to prevent the threat or have violations eliminated and the damage reimbursed).Comparing these results to those obtained from the previous surveys demonstrates that implementation of the inspection reform has not yet made any significant effect on improving the quality of interaction between citizen and regulatory enforcement and inspection authorities. To improve the quality of such interactions special measures should be undertaken for improving the use of feedback mechanisms for planning inspection activities. Responses to citizen applications should be controlled not only in terms of timeliness but also in terms of substance. Timely review and reaction to citizen applications as well as more involvement in damage reimbursement processes on the part of regulatory enforcement and inspection authorities are also recommended. Broader use of digital technologies for interactions between citizen and regulatory enforcement and inspection authorities could also help improve the quality of these interactions and contribute to increasing the public trust to these authorities.
The purpose of this paper is to develop a comprehensive approach to evaluating digitalization of interaction of the state and citizens in the sphere of providing state services. The objectives of the study include the analysis of current Russian and foreign approaches to assessing the digitalization of interaction between the state and citizens; development and testing of a composite indicator methodology for conducting such an assessment in the provision of public services. Materials and methods. When preparing the paper, the authors studied Russian and foreign theoretical and practical approaches to evaluating digitalization of interaction between the state and citizens. The approbation of the digitalization index of interaction between the state and citizens proposed in the article was carried out on the basis of data from a selective federal statistical observation of the Federal State Statistics Service on the use of information technologies, information and communication networks by the population, as well as the data from the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. To achieve the objective, theoretical methods (comparative analysis, synthesis, and generalization), modelling, and correlation analysis were used. Results. Based on the analysis of foreign and Russian approaches, their advantages and limitations, the article substantiates the methodology for calculating the digitalization index of interaction between the state and citizens, taking into account the immediate results (the availability of state and municipal services in the electronic form), intermediate results (the demand for the electronic form of service provision) and the final results of digital transformation in the provision of public services (satisfaction of citizens with the quality of services provided in the electronic form), as well as the risks of digital interaction (the level of digital trust of citizens in the interaction with the state). Approbation of the digitalization index of interaction between the state and citizens in the regional context was carried out. To assess the applicability of the proposed index, the correlation dependence of its values and the values of the index components on the level of education of the population, employment, income and urbanization, as well as differences in the availability of information and communication technologies infrastructure was investigated. At the same time, the level of digitalization correlation of interaction between the state and citizens with social factors is higher than with infrastructural ones. This means that to solve the problem of digital inequality in Russian regions, it is not enough to provide universal access to the Internet; factors of human capital development also play an important role in promoting digital channels of interaction. Conclusion. Assessing the digitalization of interaction between the state and citizens requires taking into account various indicators that reflect the immediate, intermediate and final results of such an interaction, as well as the risks associated with the transition to “digit”. In terms of the provision of public services for such an assessment, it is advisable to use the digitalization index of interaction between the state and citizens. Further promising areas of research in the field of assessing the digitalization of interaction between the state and citizens are related to the study of the influence of citizens’ trust in government bodies on the level of digitalization of interaction between the state and citizens, as well as taking into account the interaction of citizens and the state within the framework of other types of state functions (development and implementation of state policy, regulation, control and supervisory activities). The implementation of these directions will require the expansion of the currently available information base.
Цифровая экономика рассматривается международными организациями как один из ключевых факторов роста производительности труда и повышения качества жизни граждан; развитие цифровой экономики рассматривается в качестве одного из стратегических приоритетов и в России. В статье рассматривается эволюция подходов к определению цифровой экономики и формированию государственной политики в сфере ИКТ в странах ОЭСР. Показано, что все большее внимание уделяется вопросам государственного регулирования и создания благоприятной среды развития, внедрения и активного использования цифровых технологий, инвестициям как в инфраструктуру, так и в человеческий капитал, обладающий навыками, необходимыми в новых условиях. Действующие российские стратегические документы недостаточно учитывают развитие цифровой экономики, в том числе, ее отраслевые особенности. Целевые установки государственной программы «Информационное общество» не позволяют претендовать на укрепление российских позиций в глобальной цифровой экономике. Исходя из международного опыта, авторы формулируют предложения по цели, ожидаемым результатам и показателям реализации долгосрочной стратегии развития цифровой экономики в России. С учетом значимости мер государственного регулирования в стимулировании развития и использования цифровых технологий, в статье приведены рекомендации по широкому спектру мер, актуальных в российском контексте: от использования цифровых технологий в налоговом администрировании, сборе и обработке статистических данных, ведении государственных реестров, до реформирования трудового законодательства, законодательства о регистрации предприятий, действующих подходов к классификации продукции и декларированию соответствия с целью содействия использованию передовых технологий в различных отраслях и секторах экономики и социальной сферы.
В статье, подготовленной на основе научно-исследовательской работы, выполняемой в рамках государственного задания РАНХиГС, проведен анализ текущей ситуации с оценкой результативности и эффективности экспериментов, в том числе экспериментальных правовых режимов, в государственном управлении. Предложено определение понятия эксперимента в государственном управлении, выделены основные признаки экспериментов (организованность, наличие заданной цели и ожидаемого результата, новизна, оценка результатов эксперимента, ограниченность масштаба, ограниченность сроков, добровольный характер участия в эксперименте, наличие рисков, связанных с проведением эксперимента), а также проведена классификация экспериментов и экспериментальных правовых режимов (выделены внешние и внутренние эксперименты; эксперименты, требующие специальных (экспериментальных) правовых режимов (закрытых или открытых), и реализуемые в рамках общего правового режима). Важной особенностью разработанного методического подхода является интеграция оценки результативности и эффективности в управленческий цикл эксперимента, что позволяет принимать решения о целесообразности проведения эксперимента, продолжения его реализации либо досрочного прекращения и тиражирования апробированной технологии (практики) на основе итогов проведенной предварительной, текущей и последующей оценки результативности и эффективности.
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