The article highlights the problems of ensuring academic integrity in higher education and the factors that determine them. The category "integrity" is considered not only in ethical and legal aspects, but also in an economic dimension. The peculiarities of such forms of dishonesty as plagiarism, methodological manipulation, abuse of self-citation and bias in further professional activities (using the profession of auditor as an example) are considered. It is substantiated that achieving the profitability of investments in national education to the level of foreign indicators requires the improvement of educational management and the introduction of a number of documents of an organizational and legal nature regarding incentives for conscientiousness. A comparative analysis of national and foreign experience in overcoming negative manifestations in university education is carried out. It is emphasized that the imperfection of the criteria system for determining the scientific rating affects to a large extent the violation of the integrity of universities’ academic staff. The productive role of the cooperation between the National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance and foreign institutions in the implementation of European experience in ensuring academic integrity, adapted to Ukrainian socio-economic realities, is emphasized. The expediency of involving international organizations in monitoring the state of corruption within the Ukrainian education is substantiated. It is proposed to supplement the evaluation of the state of academic integrity of the HEIs in the process of educational and scientific work with the applicants by evaluating it by means of the criteria of conscientiousness and productivity of graduates’ professional activity. It is proved that the training of applicants must necessarily include the projection of ethical principles and principles of academic integrity in the future profession, taking into account special requirements of international standards and professional codes of ethics. It is emphasized that elevating integrity to the level of immanent value of educational and scientific society is a guarantee for competitiveness of graduates of Ukrainian universities on the European market of knowledge.

Purpose of the paper is to highlight the methodological role of social philosophy in the processes of optimizing the democratic system, modernizing the content of the category of freedom and responsibility ‑ through the philosophical analysis of definitions by representatives of various political forces and the humanities. The task is to reveal the causes of the ambiguity of the concept of democracy through the analysis of the polysemy of the notions of freedom and responsibility and to prevent the danger of the transformation of democracy into a dictatorship or ochlocracy. Theoretical basis is the fundamental research of prominent philosophers such as B. Spinoza, G. F. F. Hegel, G.-V. Leibniz, F. Nietzsche, J.-J. Russo, J.-P. Sartre, E. Fromm, M. Berdyaev and others; the basic principles of social philosophy ‑ social determinism, the concreteness of truth, rationality, interconnection and development, the requirements of comprehensiveness and criticism. Originality of the research is: in substantiating the significance of contemporary philosophical analysis of the content of key concepts of democracy ‑ «freedom» and «responsibility»; in revealing the mechanism of the functioning of concepts of freedom and responsibility in different ideologies and various spheres of public life; in conducting a philosophical analysis of the notion of responsibility, in revealing the reasons for the paradoxical nature of its manifestations; in outlining the scientific and didactic potential of the philosophical research of categories of freedom and responsibility in the practice of democratic processes; in posing the question of the need to take into account the hierarchy of the content of freedom (delineation of the word, concept, category). Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was found that the philosophical understanding of the basic principles and concepts of democracy, especially freedom and responsibility, must precede the optimization of the democratic system, and the results of philosophical analysis must be taken into account in the practice of everyday life of the state. The model of the constant reproduction of the existing state of spiritual differentiation of a person's worldview should be contrasted with the model of harmonization of the democratic system (which is an ideal), only reducing its internal contradiction to the non-antagonistic and the formation on this basis of self-limitation, self-determination of personalities ‑ as a consequence of understanding the relativity of freedom, full awareness and acceptance responsibility for their intentions and decisions.

authors as examples: The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe by D. Defoe and The Mysterious Island by J. Verne. Research methods. The methodological basis of the study is the basic tenets of the philosophy of existentialism, in particular, ideas about the cognitive capabilities of a person in extreme situations, as well as the ideas of philosophical anthropology and social philosophy, which reflect modern views on the communicative processes of the individual, the dialectics of the social and individual at the level of an individual individual. Research results. In the philosophical analysis of the existential foundations of human being and thinking in the extreme conditions of a Robinsonade, we took into account the circumstances and motivation of a person falling into conditions of prolonged isolation, the nature of his socio-communicative connections to forced loneliness, as well as ways of the individual's relationship and communication with the Absolute. The analysis of the plot canvas of the works of "Robinson's" themes testifies a peculiar anthropological experiment to test the physical and moral forces of a person, as well as to a certain existential model of person's being and thinking. The existential thinking model of Robinson Defoe is characterized by the depth of experiencing his position, guilt and its consequences for the individual, dualistic thinking with a combination of fear of the unknown and a deep desire for survival. In the Robinsonade version of the heroes of the novel by J. Verne, we observe a rationalized and scientientized model of thinking and being with the absence of complex existential self-reflection. Discussion. In the behavior model of Robinson D. Defoe, the idea of guilt is clearly carried out, a painful awareness of its consequences for the person, which leads to the activation of religious consciousness, the need for repentance and the development of active communication in the plan of "I-Supernatural." Staying on the island by the characters of the novel by J. Vern was regarded as a continuation of social activity, service to progressive social ideals, for the victory of which they risked their own lives. Conclusion. The experience of a Robinsonade is a peculiar variant of a person's deep self-reflection in relation to his position and reasons, as a result of which we can talk about a certain existential model of individual being and thinking, since such a model ultimately determines the features and orientation of person's subject-practical activity.

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