The relevance of this topic is determined by the fact that laboratory animals are widely used in experimental morphology. The most widely used ones are rats [1-7]. There are a number of studies in which the authors cover in detail the normal morphological state of various organs of rats and its changes under experimentally simulated pathological conditions [8-12]. The available studies on the rats' musculoskeletal system and spine highlight this topic insufficiently. Aim. We aimed to study the structure of the normal thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in the rats. Materials and methods of research. The objects of our study were 15 sexually mature outbred male rats, weight 80 g, age 4,5 months. All animals were kept in a vivarium. Keeping, care, labeling, and all other manipulations were carried out in accordance with with 'the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for

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Masna-Chala O.Z., Chelpanova I.V.  Density and mintral content analysis of the bone tissue of the lower jaw and peculiarities of the posttraumatic dynamics. Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University ABSTRACT. Background Bones fractures today occupy one of the prominent places among traumatic lesions. In dental practice, more than 50% of extractions of teeth are accompanied by the destruction of bone tissue of the alveolar areas of the jaws. A necessary condition for an adequate diagnosis of bone tissue quality deviations from the norm is the knowledge of the standard parameters of this indices, both intact bone and after surgical injury. As the quality of the bone tissue depends not only on its structure but also on the mineral content, the deficiency or excess of any of the mineral elements substantially changes the physical properties of the bone -strength, hardness, elasticity. Objective. The aim of our study was to determine the normative indices of the density of bone tissue of the lower jaw of the rat and its mineral content in intact animals, as well as to determine the regularities of the dynamics of these indices after surgical injury. Methods. The study was performed on 20 sexually mature, outbred male rats with a body weight of 180-200 g and a 3.5-month old age. The injury was modeled by breaking the integrity of the bone tissue of the mandible in the area of molars with the help of dental drill. The operation was performed under thiopental anesthesia. Control of the quality of bone tissue in the injured area of the mandible was performed using a dental radiovisiographer Siemens with the software Trophy Radiology. The unit of measurement of tissue density was taken to be the conventional unit of gravity (CUG). To determine the mineral content of the bone tissue of the rat's mandible, the method of atomic absorption spectral analysis (AASA) was used, which allowed to detect the contents of eight mineral elements (calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na ), potassium (K), iron (Fe), strontium (Sr), zinc (Zn)). Concentration of the investigated elements in bone tissue samples was indicated in mg/g. Investigation of the quality and mineral content of the bone tissue of the mandible was carried out in 1, 2 and 3 weeks after injury (5 animals at each time of the experiment), another 5 animals were in the control group. Results. The conducted study showed the presence of expressed dynamics of quality of the bone tissue of the mandible within three weeks after the bone injuries were caused. Within two weeks after injuries, the bone density of the mandible in the injured area gradually increases, increasing twice to the end of the second week compared to normal. During the third week after the injury, the investigated index is reduced, but remains slightly higher than in intact animals. The analysis of the mineral content of the bone tissue of the body of the mandible of the rat in norm and after the surgical trauma has made it possible to determine the quantitative content of all invest...

In our work we aimed to conduct a fundamental study of the process of morphological disorganization of the structural components of the mucous membrane and cartilage of the larynx at the end of the seventh day of experimental opioid effects at the microstructural level. This information in the future will allow to form a pathomorphological base, which will be used to compare the components of the mucous membrane and cartilage of the larynx in the norm with the dynamics of their changes as a result of experimental opioid effects at different times.

Ivasivka K. P., Paltov E. V., Masna Z. Z. Characteristics of changes in the structural components of the mucosa and rat laryngeal cartilage at the end of the third week of experimental opioid exposure.